How to format your references using the Ethnography and Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ethnography and Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Field, John K. 2014. “Perspective: The Screening Imperative.” Nature 513 (7517): S7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Greening, Bradford R., and Nina H. Fefferman. 2014. “Evolutionary Significance of the Role of Family Units in a Broader Social System.” Scientific Reports 4 (January): 3608.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bertet, Claire, Lawrence Sulak, and Thomas Lecuit. 2004. “Myosin-Dependent Junction Remodelling Controls Planar Cell Intercalation and Axis Elongation.” Nature 429 (6992): 667–671.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Senthil, T., Ashvin Vishwanath, Leon Balents, Subir Sachdev, and Matthew P. A. Fisher. 2004. “Deconfined Quantum Critical Points.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 303 (5663): 1490–1494.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tms. 2011. Engineering Solutions for Sustainability. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Bernus, Peter, Guy Doumeingts, and Mark Fox, eds. 2010. Enterprise Architecture, Integration and Interoperability: IFIP TC 5 International Conference, EAI2N 2010, Held as Part of WCC 2010, Brisbane, Australia, September 20-23, 2010. Proceedings. Vol. 326. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Ray, Oliver. 2007. “Automated Abduction in Scientific Discovery.” In Model-Based Reasoning in Science, Technology, and Medicine, edited by Janusz Kacprzyk, Lorenzo Magnani, and Ping Li, 103–116. Studies in Computational Intelligence. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ethnography and Education.

Blog post

Hale, Tom. 2016. “Brian Cox Explains Why We Haven’t Seen Aliens Yet – And It Isn’t Pretty.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/brian-cox-explains-why-we-havent-seen-aliens-yet-and-it-isnt-pretty/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1988. Information Systems: Agencies Overlook Security Controls During Development. IMTEC-88-11. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hofmann, Reto. 2010. “The Fascist Reflection Japan and Italy, 1919-1950.” Doctoral dissertation, New York, NY: Columbia University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dominus, Susan. 2014. “Comic Relief.” New York Times, October 17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Field 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Field 2014; Greening and Fefferman 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Greening and Fefferman 2014)
Three authors: (Bertet, Sulak, and Lecuit 2004)
4 or more authors: (Senthil et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ethnography and Education
ISSN (print)	1745-7823
ISSN (online)	1745-7831
Scope	Education Cultural Studies Gender Studies