How to format your references using the Ethics in Biology, Engineering and Medicine: An International Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ethics in Biology, Engineering and Medicine: An International Journal (EBEM). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dwek E. Astronomy. The supernova origin of interstellar dust. Science. 2006 Jul 14;313(5784):178–80.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cheng Z, Menees TM. RNA branching and debranching in the yeast retrovirus-like element Ty1. Science. 2004 Jan 9;303(5655):240–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hansell DA, Kadko D, Bates NR. Degradation of terrigenous dissolved organic carbon in the western Arctic Ocean. Science. 2004 May 7;304(5672):858–61.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Yao B, Huang SW, Liu Y, Vinod AK, Choi C, Hoff M, et al. Gate-tunable frequency combs in graphene-nitride microresonators. Nature. 2018 Jun;558(7710):410–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Estopinal SV, Lathrop W. Professional Surveyors and Real Property Descriptions. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Kragl U, editor. Technology Transfer in Biotechnology: From lab to Industry to Production. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005. XII, 340 p. (Advances in Biochemical Engineering; vol. 92).

A chapter in an edited book

Wang V. Art, Research and Society: New Ecology: The Affective Power. In: Bast G, Carayannis EG, Campbell DFJ, editors. Arts, Research, Innovation and Society. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 75–99.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ethics in Biology, Engineering and Medicine: An International Journal.

Blog post

Andrew E. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Ten Years On: How Al Gore’s An Inconvenient Truth made its mark. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/ten-years-how-al-gore-s-inconvenient-truth-made-its-mark/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Telecommunications: Issues Related to Competition and Subscriber Rates in the Cable Television Industry. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003 Oct. Report No.: GAO-04-8.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zamora L. Azura digital health: Scheduling application and prescription service for women’s health [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

GISELA WILLIAMS; JOANNA KAKISSIS; ANDREW FERREN; SETH SHERWOOD; INGRID K. WILLIAMS; KATIE PARLA; SAMANTHA MURRAY GREENWAY; SOPHIA KISHKOVSKY; SETH SHERWOOD;, Whitlock S. 15 Cities, Wrapped in a Bow, for Under $100. New York Times. 2011 Apr 17;TR3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Ethics in Biology, Engineering and Medicine: An International Journal
ISSN (print)	2151-805X
ISSN (online)	2151-8068
Scope