How to format your references using the Ethics and Information Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ethics and Information Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chandrashekar, C. M. (2013). Two-component Dirac-like Hamiltonian for generating quantum walk on one-, two- and three-dimensional lattices. Scientific reports, 3, 2829.

A journal article with 2 authors

Davidson, A. L., & Chen, J. (2005). Structural biology. Flipping lipids: is the third time the charm? Science (New York, N.Y.), 308(5724), 963–965.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lee, D., Lin, B.-J., & Lee, A. K. (2012). Hippocampal place fields emerge upon single-cell manipulation of excitability during behavior. Science (New York, N.Y.), 337(6096), 849–853.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Su, Z., Li, L., Peng, H., Kurths, J., Xiao, J., & Yang, Y. (2014). Robustness of interrelated traffic networks to cascading failures. Scientific reports, 4, 5413.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Szczecinski, L., & Alvarado, A. (2014). Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Aguilar, L. T. (2015). Self-Oscillations in Dynamic Systems: A New Methodology via Two-Relay Controllers. (I. Boiko, L. Fridman, & R. Iriarte, Eds.) (1st ed. 2015.). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Koulaouzidis, A., Douglas, S., & Plevris, J. N. (2014). Oesophageal Capsule Endoscopy. In Z. Li, Z. Liao, & M. McAlindon (Eds.), Handbook of Capsule Endoscopy (pp. 119–128). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ethics and Information Technology.

Blog post

Evans, K. (2017, April 3). NASA’s $1 Billion Jupiter Probe Just Sent Back Breathtaking New Images Of The Gas Giant. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasas-1-billion-jupiter-probe-just-sent-back-breathtaking-new-images-of-the-gas-giant/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1992). Lost in Space? (No. 146027). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bebianno Simoes, M. (2012). Work and social activism in the life stories of Latina domestic workers (Doctoral dissertation). University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gurley, G. (2016, November 15). Where Everybody Knows Your Name and Accepts Your Politics. New York Times, p. D4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Chandrashekar 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Chandrashekar 2013; Davidson and Chen 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Davidson and Chen 2005)
Three or more authors: (Su et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ethics and Information Technology
Abbreviation	Ethics Inf. Technol.
ISSN (print)	1388-1957
ISSN (online)	1572-8439
Scope	Computer Science Applications Library and Information Sciences