How to format your references using the Ergonomics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ergonomics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Crouch, Tom. 2013. “Harold Melvin Agnew (1921-2013).” Nature 503 (7474): 40.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cohen, Stephen M., and Julius Brennecke. 2006. “Developmental Biology. Mixed Messages in Early Development.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 312 (5770): 65–66.

A journal article with 3 authors

Makarieva, Anastassia M., Victor G. Gorshkov, and Bai-Lian Li. 2009. “Comment on ‘Energy Uptake and Allocation during Ontogeny.’” Science (New York, N.Y.) 325 (5945): 1206; author reply 1206.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Ng, Julian, Timothy Nardine, Matthew Harms, Julia Tzu, Ann Goldstein, Yan Sun, Georg Dietzl, Barry J. Dickson, and Liqun Luo. 2002. “Rac GTPases Control Axon Growth, Guidance and Branching.” Nature 416 (6879): 442–447.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Naini, Farhad B. 2011. Facial Aesthetics. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Damjanovich, Sandor, ed. 2005. Biophysical Aspects of Transmembrane Signaling. Vol. 8. Springer Series in Biophysics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Rios, Annette, and Anne Göhring. 2016. “Machine Learning Applied to Rule-Based Machine Translation.” In Hybrid Approaches to Machine Translation, edited by Marta R. Costa-jussà, Reinhard Rapp, Patrik Lambert, Kurt Eberle, Rafael E. Banchs, and Bogdan Babych, 111–129. Theory and Applications of Natural Language Processing. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ergonomics.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. “Scientists Find World’s Oldest Fossilized Sperm In Antarctica.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientists-find-world-s-oldest-fossilized-sperm-antarctica/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2014. Child Welfare: Federal Agencies Can Better Support State Efforts to Prevent and Respond to Sexual Abuse by School Personnel. GAO-14-42. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Uthe, Peter Benjamin. 2010. “The Development of Polycationic Materials for Gene Delivery Applications.” Doctoral dissertation, Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt), Sophia Kishkovsky. 2003. “World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Soldier Kills 4 Comrades, Then Himself.” New York Times, February 21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Crouch 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Crouch 2013; Cohen and Brennecke 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cohen and Brennecke 2006)
Three authors: (Makarieva, Gorshkov, and Li 2009)
4 or more authors: (Ng et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ergonomics
Abbreviation	Ergonomics
ISSN (print)	0014-0139
ISSN (online)	1366-5847
Scope	Human Factors and Ergonomics Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation