How to format your references using the Ergonomics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ergonomics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fan, Xiaohui. 2003. “Astronomy. Black Holes at the Cosmic Dawn.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 300 (5620): 752–753.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lacroix, Benoît, and Vitaly Citovsky. 2013. “Characterization of VIP1 Activity as a Transcriptional Regulator in Vitro and in Planta.” Scientific Reports 3: 2440.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bluestone, Jeffrey A., Kevan Herold, and George Eisenbarth. 2010. “Genetics, Pathogenesis and Clinical Interventions in Type 1 Diabetes.” Nature 464 (7293): 1293–1300.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Choi, Hyung-Jin, Jin-Seok Choi, Byeong-Ju Park, Ji-Ho Eom, So-Young Heo, Min-Wook Jung, Ki-Seok An, and Soon-Gil Yoon. 2014. “Enhanced Transparency, Mechanical Durability, and Antibacterial Activity of Zinc Nanoparticles on Glass Substrate.” Scientific Reports 4 (September): 6271.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schwarz, Daniel R. 2014. Reading the European Novel to 1900. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Drechsler, Rolf. 2009. Test Pattern Generation Using Boolean Proof Engines. Edited by Stephan Eggersglüβ, Görschwin Fey, and Daniel Tille. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Gamsa, Mark. 2014. “Mixed Marriages in Russian-Chinese Manchuria.” In Entangled Histories: The Transcultural Past of Northeast China, edited by Dan Ben-Canaan, Frank Grüner, and Ines Prodöhl, 47–58. Transcultural Research – Heidelberg Studies on Asia and Europe in a Global Context. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ergonomics.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. “How The Largest Association Of Psychologists In The US Colluded In Torture.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/how-largest-association-psychologists-us-colluded-ttorture/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1991. Mass Transit: Historical Patterns and Future Outlook. T-RCED-91-15. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mersch, Courtney. 2012. “Campus-Based Drunk-Driving Intervention Program: A Grant Proposal Project.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik, James, Mike Hale, and Neil Genzlinger. 2016. “O.J., Soviet Spies and a Talking Horse.” New York Times, December 5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Fan 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Fan 2003; Lacroix and Citovsky 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lacroix and Citovsky 2013)
Three authors: (Bluestone, Herold, and Eisenbarth 2010)
4 or more authors: (Choi et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ergonomics
Abbreviation	Ergonomics
ISSN (print)	0014-0139
ISSN (online)	1366-5847
Scope	Human Factors and Ergonomics Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation