How to format your references using the Environments citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environments. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Quéré, Y. Retrospective. Georges Charpak (1924-2010). Science 2010, 330, 604.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hoerling, M.; Kumar, A. The Perfect Ocean for Drought. Science 2003, 299, 691–694.

A journal article with 3 authors

Caldeira, K.; Jain, A.K.; Hoffert, M.I. Climate Sensitivity Uncertainty and the Need for Energy without CO2 Emission. Science 2003, 299, 2052–2054.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zhukovsky, E.A.; Lee, J.-O.; Villegas, M.; Chan, C.; Chu, S.; Mroske, C. TNF Ligands: Is TALL-1 a Trimer or a Virus-like Cluster? Nature 2004, 427, 413–414; discussion 414.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Reeder, L. Guide to Green Building Rating Systems; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2010; ISBN 9781118259894.

An edited book

3D Imaging in Endodontics: A New Era in Diagnosis and Treatment; Fayad, M., Johnson, B.R., Eds.; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2016; ISBN 9783319314648.

A chapter in an edited book

Park, Y.-K. Grading and Staging. In Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of Bone: For Surgical Pathologists, Orthopedic Surgeons and Radiologists; Santini-Araujo, E., Kalil, R.K., Bertoni, F., Park, Y.-K., Eds.; Springer: London, 2015; pp. 85–87 ISBN 9781447165774.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environments.

Blog post

Andrew, E. Strangest Genitals In The Animal Kingdom Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/strangest-genitals-animal-kingdom/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Air Traffic Control: Smaller Terminal Systems’ Capacity Requirements Need to Be Defined; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1990;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sharma, S.P. U.S. Government Program Managers’ Competencies to Manage Satellite Acquisition Programs. Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University: Scottsdale, AZ, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gates, A. A Showman, His Stage Life and His Unhappy End. New York Times 2017, C6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Environments
ISSN (online)	2076-3298
Scope