How to format your references using the Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P. 2000. Gene therapy institute denies that errors led to trial death. Nature. 403:820.

A journal article with 2 authors

Srivastava D, Olson EN. 2000. A genetic blueprint for cardiac development. Nature. 407:221–226.

A journal article with 3 authors

Singh PK, Hopwood J, Sonkusale S. 2014. Metamaterials for remote generation of spatially controllable two dimensional array of microplasma. Sci. Rep. 4:5964.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Peichel CL, Nereng KS, Ohgi KA, Cole BL, Colosimo PF, Buerkle CA, Schluter D, Kingsley DM. 2001. The genetic architecture of divergence between threespine stickleback species. Nature. 414:901–905.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sato T, Kammen DM, Duan B, Macuha M, Zhou Z, Wu J, Tariq M, Asfaw SA. 2015. Smart Grid Standards. John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd, Singapore.

An edited book

Alepis E. 2014. Object-Oriented User Interfaces for Personalized Mobile Learning. In Virvou, M, ed. 64, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Donegani S. 2013. Il medico di medicina generale. In Bellardita, L, Magnani, T and Valdagni, R, eds, Il tumore alla prostata: Paziente, familiari e medici: esperienze narrate. Springer, Milano, pp 37–43.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.

Blog post

Carpineti A. 2017. New ‘Natural Disasters’ Report Reveals Billions Of People Worldwide At Risk. IFLScience. [cited 30 October 2018]. Available from https://www.iflscience.com/space/new-natural-disasters-report-reveals-billions-of-people-worldwide-at-risk/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1998. Statistical Agencies: Proposed Consolidation and Data Sharing Legislation. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Soto M. 2009. Barriers among Hispanic adults on dialysis that affect medication compliance.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. 2007. Justices Hear Arguments On Autism-Case Dispute. New York Times.:A12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Abbreviation	Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
ISSN (online)	1552-8618
Scope	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis