How to format your references using the Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wegener M. 2013. Materials science. Metamaterials beyond optics. Science. 342:939–940.

A journal article with 2 authors

Romanowicz B, Gung Y. 2002. Superplumes from the core-mantle boundary to the lithosphere: implications for heat flux. Science. 296:513–516.

A journal article with 3 authors

Williams MA, Tyznik AJ, Bevan MJ. 2006. Interleukin-2 signals during priming are required for secondary expansion of CD8+ memory T cells. Nature. 441:890–893.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Komeda T, Kim Y, Kawai M, Persson BNJ, Ueba H. 2002. Lateral hopping of molecules induced by excitation of internal vibration mode. Science. 295:2055–2058.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chandrasekaran S. 2016. Health, Safety, and Environmental Management in Offshore and Petroleum Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

De Kok LJ, Hawkesford MJ, Rennenberg H, Saito K, Schnug E. 2015. Molecular Physiology and Ecophysiology of Sulfur. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Williams K. 2011. The Importance of Concepts for Science. In Williams, K, ed., Crossroads: History of Science, History of Art: Essays by David Speiser, vol. II. Springer, Basel, pp 53–63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.

Blog post

Andrew D. 2015. Can You Solve Einstein’s Riddle? IFLScience. [cited 30 October 2018]. Available from https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/solving-einsteins-riddle/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2009. Federal Research: Information on the Government’s Right to Assert Ownership Control over Federally Funded Inventions. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bankapura S. 2016. Packet adaptive routing in communication network.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon M. 2012. Coaching The Kayakers On 2 Wheels. New York Times.:B17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Abbreviation	Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
ISSN (online)	1552-8618
Scope	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis