How to format your references using the Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zhang T. 2015. ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS. More efficient together. Science. 350:738–739.

A journal article with 2 authors

Geschwind DH, Flint J. 2015. Genetics and genomics of psychiatric disease. Science. 349:1489–1494.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cohen AJ, Mori-Sánchez P, Yang W. 2008. Insights into current limitations of density functional theory. Science. 321:792–794.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Miura H, Satoh M, Nasuno T, Noda AT, Oouchi K. 2007. A Madden-Julian oscillation event realistically simulated by a global cloud-resolving model. Science. 318:1763–1765.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chu PP. 2011. Embedded SoPC Design with Nios II Processor and VHDL Examples. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Fischer-Hübner S, Duquenoy P, Zuccato A, Martucci L. 2008. The Future of Identity in the Information Society: Proceedings of the Third IFIP WG 9.2, 9.6/11.6, 11.7/FIDIS International Summer School on The Future of Identity in the Information Society, Karlstad University, Sweden, August 4–10, 2007. 262, Springer US, Boston, MA.

A chapter in an edited book

Jones MB, Zimmermann J, Clifton-Brown J. 2016. Long-Term Yields and Soil Carbon Sequestration from Miscanthus: A Review. In Barth, S, Murphy-Bokern, D, Kalinina, O, Taylor, G and Jones, M, eds, Perennial Biomass Crops for a Resource-Constrained World. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 43–49.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.

Blog post

Fang J. 2015. New Blood Test Forecasts Breast Cancer Risk. IFLScience. [cited 30 October 2018]. Available from https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/blood-test-hopes-forecast-breast-cancer-risk/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1981. Legislative and Regulatory Actions Needed To Deal With a Changing Domestic Telecommunications Industry. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bourgault RR. 2008. Multi-scale pedologic investigation of manganiferous soils in the Maryland Piedmont.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodgman J. 2017. Bonus Advice From Judge John Hodgman. New York Times.:MM20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Abbreviation	Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
ISSN (online)	1552-8618
Scope	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis