How to format your references using the Environmental Sciences Europe citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environmental Sciences Europe. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Jaenicke R (2005) Abundance of cellular material and proteins in the atmosphere. Science 308:73

A journal article with 2 authors

Guydosh NR, Block SM (2009) Direct observation of the binding state of the kinesin head to the microtubule. Nature 461:125–128

A journal article with 3 authors

Gestwicki JE, Crabtree GR, Graef IA (2004) Harnessing chaperones to generate small-molecule inhibitors of amyloid beta aggregation. Science 306:865–869

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Sitch S, Cox PM, Collins WJ, Huntingford C (2007) Indirect radiative forcing of climate change through ozone effects on the land-carbon sink. Nature 448:791–794

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bradford R (2015) Is Shakespeare Any Good? John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Janssen-Lauret F, Kemp G (2016) Quine and His Place in History. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London

A chapter in an edited book

Verma AK, Ajit S, Kumar M (2011) Dependability Models of Computer-Based Systems. In: Ajit S, Kumar M (eds) Dependability of Networked Computer-based Systems. Springer, London, pp 59–104

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environmental Sciences Europe.

Blog post

Andrew D (2015) Bizarre Snubfin Dolphin Spotted. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/rare-snubfin-dolphin-spotted/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1992) Mass Transit Grants: If Properly Implemented, FTA Initiatives Should Improve Oversight. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mahiko J (2017) Community Connections: Supporting Rural Youth with Disabilities Who Are Work-Bound. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. John Kelly E (1998) Bikes That Roll Toward Jobs. New York Times 149

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Environmental Sciences Europe
Abbreviation	Environ. Sci. Eur.
ISSN (print)	2190-4707
ISSN (online)	2190-4715
Scope	Pollution