How to format your references using the Environmental Sciences Europe citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environmental Sciences Europe. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Adami C (2006) Evolution. Reducible complexity. Science 312:61–63

A journal article with 2 authors

Kirchmaier AL, Rine J (2001) DNA replication-independent silencing in S. cerevisiae. Science 291:646–650

A journal article with 3 authors

Martill DM, Tischlinger H, Longrich NR (2015) EVOLUTION. A four-legged snake from the Early Cretaceous of Gondwana. Science 349:416–419

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Berry N, Davis C, Jenkins A, et al (2001) Vaccine safety. Analysis of oral polio vaccine CHAT stocks. Nature 410:1046–1047

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Shelton T (2013) Business Models for the Social Mobile Cloud. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey

An edited book

Cademartiri F, Casolo G, Midiri M (2012) Clinical Applications of Cardiac CT, Second Edition. Springer, Milano

A chapter in an edited book

Hussain M, Muhammad S, Malik RN, et al (2014) Status of Heavy Metal Residues in Fish Species of Pakistan. In: Whitacre DM (ed) Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology volume: With Cumulative and Comprehensive Index Subjects Covered Volumes 221-230. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 111–132

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environmental Sciences Europe.

Blog post

Hamilton K (2015) Super Active Sun Knocks Out Global Radio With Huge Solar Flare. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/slooh-hosts-live-broadcast-super-active-sun/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1982) Success of the Programed School Input Program Justifies Expansion. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Asare KB (2016) Understanding the Transformational Leadership Practices of Colleges of Education Principals. Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Branch J (2016) World Order, in a Nutshell. New York Times SP13

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Environmental Sciences Europe
Abbreviation	Environ. Sci. Eur.
ISSN (print)	2190-4707
ISSN (online)	2190-4715
Scope	Pollution