How to format your references using the Environmental Sciences Europe citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environmental Sciences Europe. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smith MS (2012) Change the approach to sustainable development. Nature 483:375

A journal article with 2 authors

Elderfield H, Ganssen G (2000) Past temperature and delta18O of surface ocean waters inferred from foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios. Nature 405:442–445

A journal article with 3 authors

Trumbore S, Brando P, Hartmann H (2015) Forest health and global change. Science 349:814–818

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Roerink SF, Sasaki N, Lee-Six H, et al (2018) Intra-tumour diversification in colorectal cancer at the single-cell level. Nature 556:457–462

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Furmston M (2012) Powell-Smith and Furmston’s Building Contract Casebook. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Zeggini E, Morris A (2015) Assessing Rare Variation in Complex Traits: Design and Analysis of Genetic Studies, 1st ed. 2015. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Pistrosch F, Schaper F, Hanefeld M (2013) The Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease. In: Beck-Nielsen H (ed) The Metabolic Syndrome: Pharmacology and Clinical Aspects. Springer, Vienna, pp 43–54

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environmental Sciences Europe.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Ancient Meteorite Sheds Light On The Early Solar System’s Magnetic Field. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1986) Evaluating the Acquisition and Operation of Information Systems. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Adams AA (2009) A study of the attitudes and opinions of southwest Missouri educators regarding the value and outcome of the performance based teacher evaluation process. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodgman J (2016) Bonus Advice From Judge John Hodgman. New York Times MM24

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Environmental Sciences Europe
Abbreviation	Environ. Sci. Eur.
ISSN (print)	2190-4707
ISSN (online)	2190-4715
Scope	Pollution