How to format your references using the Environmental Evidence citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environmental Evidence. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Moore J. Stealth ship sets sail for a quiet life fishing for data. Nature. 2003;423:7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Rowan L, Coontz R. Great balls of fire. Star formation: a Web supplement. Science. 2002;295:63.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Schmitz D, Mellor J, Nicoll RA. Presynaptic kainate receptor mediation of frequency facilitation at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses. Science. 2001;291:1972–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Llave C, Xie Z, Kasschau KD, Carrington JC. Cleavage of Scarecrow-like mRNA targets directed by a class of Arabidopsis miRNA. Science. 2002;297:2053–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Baines P, Ferraro J, Rogers P. The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Eighteenth-Century Writers and Writing 1660 - 1789. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

An edited book

1. Vinciguerra S, Bernabé Y, editors. Rock Physics and Natural Hazards. Basel: Birkhäuser; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Debnath M, Prasad GBKS, Bisen PS. Reporter Gene. In: Prasad GBKS, Bisen PS, editors. Molecular Diagnostics: Promises and Possibilities. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010. p. 71–84.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environmental Evidence.

Blog post

1. Hale T. Sexual “Afterglow” Effect Could Last Up To 48 Hours [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/sexual-afterglow-effect-could-last-up-to-48-hours/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. School Finance: Per-Pupil Spending Differences between Selected Inner City and Suburban Schools Varied by Metropolitan Area. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002 Dec. Report No.: GAO-03-234.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Rholdon CM. Analyzing Leadership Practices of Enrollment Management at Fletcher Technical Community College [Doctoral dissertation]. [Scottsdale, AZ]: Northcentral University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Williams J. Eleanor’s Encouragement. New York Times. 2017 Apr 7;BR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Environmental Evidence
ISSN (online)	2047-2382
Scope