How to format your references using the Environmental Evidence citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environmental Evidence. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Insel TR. Rethinking schizophrenia. Nature. 2010;468:187–93.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Morel FMM, Groves JT. Retrospective: Edward I. Stiefel (1942-2006). Science. 2006;314:1406.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Velikov V, Borick S, Angell CA. The glass transition of water, based on hyperquenching experiments. Science. 2001;294:2335–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Kumar KK, Rajagopalan B, Hoerling M, Bates G, Cane M. Unraveling the mystery of Indian monsoon failure during El Niño. Science. 2006;314:115–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. van Helvoort H. Next Generation SDH/SONET. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

1. Zighed DA, Tsumoto S, Ras ZW, Hacid H, editors. Mining Complex Data. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. de Alwis Weerasekera H, Griffith M, Alarcon EI. Biomedical Uses of Silver Nanoparticles: From Roman Wine Cups to Biomedical Devices. In: Alarcon EI, Griffith M, Udekwu KI, editors. Silver Nanoparticle Applications: In the Fabrication and Design of Medical and Biosensing Devices. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 93–125.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environmental Evidence.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Wasps Use Facial Recognition To Identify Intruders [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/tropical-wasps-use-facial-recognition-identify-intruders/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Tax Administration: Achieving Business and Technical Goals In Tax Systems Modernization. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993 Apr. Report No.: T-GGD-93-24.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Herrera K. Improved transportation for older adult volunteers: A grant proposal [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Saslow L. Jones Beach Hit Hard By Budget Cuts to Parks. New York Times. 2009 Apr 19;LI6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Environmental Evidence
ISSN (online)	2047-2382
Scope