How to format your references using the Engineering Structures citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Engineering Structures. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Gade A. Nuclear physics: Sometimes γ-rays come in twos. Nature 2015;526:330–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Tozer S, Morin X. Neuroscience. Young neurons sever ties to the parental niche. Science 2014;343:146–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Ackerman JM, Nocera CC, Bargh JA. Incidental haptic sensations influence social judgments and decisions. Science 2010;328:1712–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Hinds BJ, Chopra N, Rantell T, Andrews R, Gavalas V, Bachas LG. Aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube membranes. Science 2004;303:62–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Abd-El-Barr M, El-Rewini H. Fundamentals of Computer Organization and Architecture. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2004.

An edited book

[1]

Horspool RN. TouchDevelop: Programming on the Go. Third Edition. Berkeley, CA: Apress; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Simpson R, Hughes J, Slutskaya N. White Working Class Masculinities and Dirty Work. In: Hughes J, Slutskaya N, editors. Gender, Class and Occupation: Working Class Men doing Dirty Work, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016, p. 85–103.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Engineering Structures.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Why Do Only Some People Get ‘Skin Orgasms’ From Listening To Music? IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/why-do-only-some-people-get-skin-orgasms-listening-music/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. ADP Procurement: DOD’s Approach to Providing Logistics Data on Compact Disk Is Justified. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Rodriguez SG. Devotion to land: The Virgin Mary and the Mudejar in the post-conquest program of Alfonso X of Castile, 1252–1284. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Vecsey G. Fans in Green and Blue Give Life to Drab Stadium. New York Times 2010:B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Engineering Structures
Abbreviation	Eng. Struct.
ISSN (print)	0141-0296
Scope	Civil and Structural Engineering