How to format your references using the Engineering Structures citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Engineering Structures. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Rando TA. Stem cells, ageing and the quest for immortality. Nature 2006;441:1080–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Monsonego A, Weiner HL. Immunotherapeutic approaches to Alzheimer’s disease. Science 2003;302:834–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Nemoto S, Fergusson MM, Finkel T. Nutrient availability regulates SIRT1 through a forkhead-dependent pathway. Science 2004;306:2105–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Zaratiegui M, Castel SE, Irvine DV, Kloc A, Ren J, Li F, et al. RNAi promotes heterochromatic silencing through replication-coupled release of RNA Pol II. Nature 2011;479:135–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Assing D, Calé S. Mobile Access Safety. Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Egyed A, Schaefer I, editors. Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering: 18th International Conference, FASE 2015, Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2015, London, UK, April 11-18, 2015, Proceedings. vol. 9033. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Baust JM, Corwin WL, VanBuskirk R, Baust JG. Biobanking: The Future of Cell Preservation Strategies. In: Karimi-Busheri F, editor. Biobanking in the 21st Century, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015, p. 37–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Engineering Structures.

Blog post

[1]

Andrews R. South Africa Now Has The Continent’s First Solar-Powered Airport. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/south-africa-now-continents-first-solarpowered-airport/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Public Transit: Survey of Public Transit Agency Officials on Contracting Out Public Transit Operations and Other Services (GAO-13-824SP, September 2013), an E-supplement to GAO-13-782. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Fay JE. California employer perspectives on older working adults specific to the Affordable Care Act health insurance mandate. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Saslow L. Amid Concerns, Counties Move to Limit Taxes. New York Times 2006:LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Engineering Structures
Abbreviation	Eng. Struct.
ISSN (print)	0141-0296
Scope	Civil and Structural Engineering