How to format your references using the Engineering Structures citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Engineering Structures. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Eichinger N. Getting in the frame. Nature 2007;446:104–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Wang Y, Robinson GH. Chemistry. Building a Lewis base with boron. Science 2011;333:530–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Sun S, Ting C-T, Wu C-I. The normal function of a speciation gene, Odysseus, and its hybrid sterility effect. Science 2004;305:81–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Liu T-L, Upadhyayula S, Milkie DE, Singh V, Wang K, Swinburne IA, et al. Observing the cell in its native state: Imaging subcellular dynamics in multicellular organisms. Science 2018;360.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Barnes BK. Exercising Influence. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2015.

An edited book

[1]

Choi Y, editor. Osteoimmunology: Interactions of the Immune and Skeletal Systems. New York, NY: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Kim E, Park K, Kim H, Song J. I’ve Got Your Number: In: Rhee K-H, Yi JH, editors. Information Security Applications: 15th International Workshop, WISA 2014, Jeju Island, Korea, August 25-27, 2014. Revised Selected Papers, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015, p. 55–67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Engineering Structures.

Blog post

[1]

O`Callaghan J. No, An Asteroid Isn’t Going To Hit Earth And Kill Us All Any Time Soon. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Maritime Administration: Weaknesses Identified in Management of the Title XI Loan Guarantee Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Roubin AM. A resource manual of bullying intervention programs for parents, educators, and community officials in the Los Angeles area. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Chira S. Since When is Being a Woman a Liberal Cause? New York Times 2017:SR9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Engineering Structures
Abbreviation	Eng. Struct.
ISSN (print)	0141-0296
Scope	Civil and Structural Engineering