How to format your references using the Engineering Research Express citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Engineering Research Express. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Schulz M 2012 Materials science. Speeding up artificial muscles Science 338 893–4

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Atencia J and Beebe D J 2005 Controlled microfluidic interfaces Nature 437 648–55

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Kühl G, Briggs D E G and Rust J 2009 A great-appendage arthropod with a radial mouth from the Lower Devonian Hunsruck Slate, Germany Science 323 771–3

A journal article with 99 or more authors

[1]

Mizuno D, Tardin C, Schmidt C F and Mackintosh F C 2007 Nonequilibrium mechanics of active cytoskeletal networks Science 315 370–3

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Clarke A, Thompson A, Jenkinson E, Rumsey N and Newell R 2013 CBT for Appearance Anxiety (Oxford: John Wiley & Sons)

An edited book

[1]

Mossakowski T, Montanari U and Haveraaen M 2007 Algebra and Coalgebra in Computer Science: Second International Conference, CALCO 2007, Bergen, Norway, August 20-24, 2007. Proceedings vol 4624 (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer)

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Bonnel H and Morgan J 2013 Optimality Conditions for Semivectorial Bilevel Convex Optimal Control Problems Computational and Analytical Mathematics: In Honor of Jonathan Borwein’s 60th Birthday Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics ed D H Bailey, H H Bauschke, P Borwein, F Garvan, M Théra, J D Vanderwerff and H Wolkowicz (New York, NY: Springer) pp 45–78

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Engineering Research Express.

Blog post

[1]

Hamilton K 2016 Juno Is About To Peer Under The Clouds Of Jupiter IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office 2000 Laboratory Research: State of Tennessee Exempts DOE’s Spallation Neutron Source Project From Sales and Use Taxes (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Harrison A B 2012 Knowing the familiar Doctoral dissertation (Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Ortved J 2017 Enter, Hermès, West Coast Style New York Times ST14

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Engineering Research Express
ISSN (online)	2631-8695
Scope