How to format your references using the Engineering Optimization citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Engineering Optimization. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Johnson, Andy. 2013. “IBI* Series Winner. Radiation and Atomic Literacy for Nonscientists.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 342 (6157): 436–437.

A journal article with 2 authors

Aggarwal, Bhagwan D., and Brian R. Calvi. 2004. “Chromatin Regulates Origin Activity in Drosophila Follicle Cells.” Nature 430 (6997): 372–376.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sakellariou, D., G. Le Goff, and J-F Jacquinot. 2007. “High-Resolution, High-Sensitivity NMR of Nanolitre Anisotropic Samples by Coil Spinning.” Nature 447 (7145): 694–697.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Miller, P. J., N. Biassoni, A. Samuels, and P. L. Tyack. 2000. “Whale Songs Lengthen in Response to Sonar.” Nature 405 (6789): 903.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bailly, Patrice. 2013. Materials and Structures under Shock and Impact. Hoboken, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Benirschke, Kurt. 2012. Pathology of the Human Placenta. Edited by Graham J. Burton and Rebecca N. Baergen. 6th ed. 2012. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Vaquero, J. M. 2009. “The Solar Diameter and the Astronomical Unit.” In The Sun Recorded Through History: Scientific Data Extracted from Historical Documents, edited by J. M. Vaquero, 217–278. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Engineering Optimization.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. “GM Apples That Don’t Turn Brown Approved For Growing In US.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/non-browning-gm-apples-approved-growing-us/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2000. Federal Communications Commission: Competitive Bidding Procedures. OGC-00-69. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Aguerrebere, Yolanda. 2009. “Case Study of Home-School Visits.” Doctoral dissertation, Malibu, CA: Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, Linda. 2007. “Supreme Court Is Referee In Delaware River Fight.” New York Times, November 28.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Johnson 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Johnson 2013; Aggarwal and Calvi 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Aggarwal and Calvi 2004)
Three authors: (Sakellariou, Le Goff, and Jacquinot 2007)
4 or more authors: (Miller et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Engineering Optimization
Abbreviation	Eng. Optim.
ISSN (print)	0305-215X
ISSN (online)	1029-0273
Scope	Computer Science Applications Management Science and Operations Research Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Applied Mathematics Control and Optimization