How to format your references using the Engineering Optimization citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Engineering Optimization. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Allen, Philip A. 2008. “From Landscapes into Geological History.” Nature 451 (7176): 274–276.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tanaka, T., and H. Washimi. 2002. “Formation of the Three-Ring Structure around Supernova 1987A.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 296 (5566): 321–322.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nowak, M. A., N. L. Komarova, and P. Niyogi. 2001. “Evolution of Universal Grammar.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 291 (5501): 114–118.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Liu, Feng, Richard S. Meltzer, Xufan Li, John D. Budai, Yu-Sheng Chen, and Zhengwei Pan. 2014. “New Localized/Delocalized Emitting State of Eu2+ in Orange-Emitting Hexagonal EuAl2O4.” Scientific Reports 4 (November): 7101.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chen, Wuwei, Hansong Xiao, Qidong Wang, Linfeng Zhao, and Maofei Zhu. 2016. Integrated Vehicle Dynamics and Control. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd.

An edited book

Wang, Weijun, Yanhui Li, Zhao Duan, Li Yan, Hongxiu Li, and Xiaoxi Yang, eds. 2007. Integration and Innovation Orient to E-Society Volume 1: Seventh IFIP International Conference on e-Business, e-Services, and e-Society (I3E2007), October 10–12, Wuhan, China. Vol. 251. IFIP — The International Federation for Information Processing. Boston, MA: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Beers, Pieter J., and Tom Veldkamp. 2011. “For or against Innovation? The Influence of Images.” In The TransForum Model: Transforming Agro Innovation Toward Sustainable Development, edited by Henk van Latesteijn and Karin Andeweg, 59–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Engineering Optimization.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. “Scientists Create Synthetic Ribosome.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/scientists-create-synthetic-protein-making-factory-works-cells/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2007. Digital Television Transition: Questions on the DTV Converter Box Subsidy Program and a DTV Inter-Agency Task Force. GAO-08-297R. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nannapaneni, Deepthi. 2015. “Factors Associated with HPV Acceptability among Parents.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

de la MERCED, Michael J. 2017. “Oscar Health and Humana Team Up in Small-Firm Venture.” New York Times, July 12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Allen 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Allen 2008; Tanaka and Washimi 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tanaka and Washimi 2002)
Three authors: (Nowak, Komarova, and Niyogi 2001)
4 or more authors: (Liu et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Engineering Optimization
Abbreviation	Eng. Optim.
ISSN (print)	0305-215X
ISSN (online)	1029-0273
Scope	Computer Science Applications Management Science and Operations Research Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Applied Mathematics Control and Optimization