How to format your references using the Engineering Fracture Mechanics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Engineering Fracture Mechanics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Schneier B. Protecting privacy and liberty. Nature 2001;413:773.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Thisse C, Zon LI. Organogenesis--heart and blood formation from the zebrafish point of view. Science 2002;295:457–62.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Akbarzadeh A, Qiu C-W, Danner AJ. Exploiting design freedom in biaxial dielectrics to enable spatially overlapping optical instruments. Sci Rep 2013;3:2055.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Singh PK, Schaefer AL, Parsek MR, Moninger TO, Welsh MJ, Greenberg EP. Quorum-sensing signals indicate that cystic fibrosis lungs are infected with bacterial biofilms. Nature 2000;407:762–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Lemma A. Introduction to the Practice of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

[1]

Swartz R, Richmond S, editors. The Hazard Called Education by Joseph Agassi: Essays, Reviews, and Dialogues on Education from Forty-Five Years. Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Wise J, Smith G, Salt J, Huey P, Atkins G. Distributed Decision-Making and Control for Agile Military Radio Networks. In: Thompson SG, Ghanea-Hercock R, editors. Defence Applications of Multi-Agent Systems: International Workshop, DAMAS 2005, Utrecht, The Netherlands, July 25, 2005, Revised and Invited Papers, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006, p. 37–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Engineering Fracture Mechanics.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew D. Six Reasons Why Food Is A Really Big Deal. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/six-reasons-why-food-is-a-really-big-deal/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. NASA’s Clipperton Project. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Murray BA. Sociocultural factors in women’s health in Swaziland. Doctoral dissertation. Indiana University, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Feeney K. QUICK BITE/Wharton; No Sawdust, But a Real Pit. New York Times 2006:14NJ9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Engineering Fracture Mechanics
Abbreviation	Eng. Fract. Mech.
ISSN (print)	0013-7944
Scope	Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials General Materials Science