How to format your references using the Energy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Heine V V. Crystal structure. As weird as they come. Nature 2000;403:836–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Lord CJ, Ashworth A. The DNA damage response and cancer therapy. Nature 2012;481:287–94.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Fuda NJ, Ardehali MB, Lis JT. Defining mechanisms that regulate RNA polymerase II transcription in vivo. Nature 2009;461:186–92.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Dupuy AJ, Akagi K, Largaespada DA, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA. Mammalian mutagenesis using a highly mobile somatic Sleeping Beauty transposon system. Nature 2005;436:221–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Stirling E. Valuing Older People. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2010.

An edited book

[1]

Kielanowski P, Ali ST, Bieliavsky P, Odzijewicz A, Schlichenmaier M, Voronov T, editors. Geometric Methods in Physics: XXXIV Workshop, Białowieża, Poland, June 28 – July 4, 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Johnson RD, Akagi Y, Fleetwood DJ, Gardiner DM, Kodama M, Young CA, et al. 4 Fungal Toxins of Agricultural Importance. In: Kempken F, editor. Agricultural Applications, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013, p. 75–113.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Finland’s School Eeforms Won’t Scrap Subjects Altogether. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Noise: A National Policy is Needed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Tolley CB. The role of trust and care in the implementation of a social constructivist curriculum in physical education. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Robert Kelly; Robert Kelly is a poet, fiction writer whose most recent book is ’ ’A Transparent Tree, ’ ’ a collection of short fiction. He teaches at the Milton Avery Graduate School of the Arts, at Bard College. ORDINARY SPLENDORS. New York Times 1986:725.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Energy
Abbreviation	Energy (Oxf.)
ISSN (print)	0360-5442
Scope	General Energy Pollution