How to format your references using the Energy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

PaperpileThe citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNoteDownload the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and othersThe style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeXBibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author
[1]
Flower R. Drug receptors: a long engagement. Nature 2002;415:587.
A journal article with 2 authors
[1]
Kenyon SJ, Bromley BC. Stellar encounters as the origin of distant Solar System objects in highly eccentric orbits. Nature 2004;432:598–602.
A journal article with 3 authors
[1]
Singhal N, Kumar M, Virdi JS. Molecular analysis of β-lactamase genes to understand their differential expression in strains of Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 1A. Sci Rep 2014;4:5270.
A journal article with 7 or more authors
[1]
Doyle MW, Stanley EH, Havlick DG, Kaiser MJ, Steinbach G, Graf WL, et al. Environmental science. Aging infrastructure and ecosystem restoration. Science 2008;319:286–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book
[1]
Alberty RA. Biochemical Thermodynamics: Applications of Mathmatica. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2006.
An edited book
[1]
Safir MP, Wallach HS, Rizzo A “skip,” editors. Future Directions in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2015.
A chapter in an edited book
[1]
Lind G. Moral Competence and Democratic Ways of Life. In: Weber WG, Thoma M, Ostendorf A, Chisholm L, editors. Democratic Competences and Social Practices in Organizations, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften; 2012, p. 62–85.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy.

Blog post
[1]
Andrews R. China Plans To Build 20 Floating Nuclear Power Plants In The South China Sea. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/china-plans-build-20-floating-nuclear-power-plants-south-china-sea/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report
[1]
Government Accountability Office. Community Placement of the Mentally Disabled in Michigan]. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1976.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation
[1]
Zhang Y. Crossroads A World War II story. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article
[1]
Lehman S. A Times Reporter Gets a Surprise Trip to Prison. New York Times 2017:A2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal titleEnergy
AbbreviationEnergy (Oxf.)
ISSN (print)0360-5442
ScopeGeneral Energy
Pollution

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