How to format your references using the Energy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Barabási A-L. Scale-free networks: a decade and beyond. Science 2009;325:412–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Mehta MP, Baross JA. Nitrogen fixation at 92 degrees C by a hydrothermal vent archaeon. Science 2006;314:1783–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Sterzik MF, Bagnulo S, Palle E. Biosignatures as revealed by spectropolarimetry of Earthshine. Nature 2012;483:64–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Kosak ST, Skok JA, Medina KL, Riblet R, Le Beau MM, Fisher AG, et al. Subnuclear compartmentalization of immunoglobulin loci during lymphocyte development. Science 2002;296:158–62.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Keene A. Keene on the Market. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Adão T. Ontology-based Procedural Modelling of Traversable Buildings Composed by Arbitrary Shapes. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Masera M. Systemic Challenges for Critical Information Infrastructure Protection. In: Kowalik JS, Gorski J, Sachenko A, editors. Cyberspace Security and Defense: Research Issues: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Cyberspace Security and Defense: Research Issues Gdansk, Poland 6–9 September 2004, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2005, p. 57–73.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. New Drugs Could Reverse Multiple Sclerosis Nerve Damage. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/new-drugs-may-show-promise-reversing-multiple-sclerosis-damage/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Space Station: Cost Control Problems Continue to Worsen. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Williams A. Kindergarten through third grade reading tutors in Northeast Mississippi. Doctoral dissertation. Mississippi State University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Corkery M, Walsh MW. In Puerto Rico, Debt Is Called ‘Not Payable.’ New York Times 2015:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Energy
Abbreviation	Energy (Oxf.)
ISSN (print)	0360-5442
Scope	General Energy Pollution