How to format your references using the Empirical Economics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Empirical Economics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Goto H (2014) Step-by-step magic state encoding for efficient fault-tolerant quantum computation. Sci Rep 4:7501

A journal article with 2 authors

Ehrenfreund P, Foing BH (2010) Astronomy. Fullerenes and cosmic carbon. Science 329:1159–1160

A journal article with 3 authors

Shema R, Sacktor TC, Dudai Y (2007) Rapid erasure of long-term memory associations in the cortex by an inhibitor of PKM zeta. Science 317:951–953

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Macintosh AJJ, Pelletier L, Chiaradia A, et al (2013) Temporal fractals in seabird foraging behaviour: diving through the scales of time. Sci Rep 3:1884

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smith DA, van de Waterbeemd H, Walker DK (2006) Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism in Drug Design: SMITH: PHARMACOKINETICS AND METABOLISM IN DRUG DESIGN O-BK. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG

An edited book

Wagon S (ed) (2010) Mathematica in Action: Problem Solving Through Visualization and Computation, 3rd edn. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Oka Y, Koshizuka S, Ishiwatari Y, Yamaji A (2010) Plant Dynamics and Control. In: Koshizuka S, Ishiwatari Y, Yamaji A (eds) Super Light Water Reactors and Super Fast Reactors: Supercritical-Pressure Light Water Cooled Reactors. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp 241–267

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Empirical Economics.

Blog post

Luntz S (2016) Organic Molecules That Glow At Room Temperature Make Energy-Efficient Lights. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/organic-molecules-that-glow-at-room-temperature-make-energyefficient-lights/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1994) Highway Infrastructure: Quality Improvements Would Safeguard Billions of Dollars Already Invested. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Luo SX (2009) Theoretical models of olfactory discrimination in Drosophila. Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hansen K (2013) Even a Rock Star Has to Be Careful. New York Times B6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Goto 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Ehrenfreund and Foing 2010; Goto 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ehrenfreund and Foing 2010)
Three or more authors: (Macintosh et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Empirical Economics
Abbreviation	Empir. Econ.
ISSN (print)	0377-7332
ISSN (online)	1435-8921
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Mathematics (miscellaneous) Statistics and Probability Social Sciences (miscellaneous)

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