How to format your references using the Empirical Economics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Empirical Economics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Collins SL (2009) Ecology. Biodiversity under global change. Science 326:1353–1354

A journal article with 2 authors

Hart DM, Branscomb LM (2000) Research, innovation and politics. Nature 407:561–562

A journal article with 3 authors

Wei B, Dai M, Yin P (2012) Complex shapes self-assembled from single-stranded DNA tiles. Nature 485:623–626

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Shima S, Pilak O, Vogt S, et al (2008) The crystal structure of [Fe]-hydrogenase reveals the geometry of the active site. Science 321:572–575

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lehto J, Hou X (2010) Chemistry and Analysis of Radionuclides. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Gaaloul K, Schmidt R, Nurcan S, et al (eds) (2015) Enterprise, Business-Process and Information Systems Modeling: 16th International Conference, BPMDS 2015, 20th International Conference, EMMSAD 2015, Held at CAiSE 2015, Stockholm, Sweden, June 8-9, 2015, Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Sebestik J (2011) Otto Neurath’s Epistemology and Its Paradoxes. In: Symons J, Pombo O, Torres JM (eds) Otto Neurath and the Unity of Science. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 41–57

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Empirical Economics.

Blog post

Andrew D (2017) Scientific Theories Aren’t Mere Conjecture – to Survive They Must Work. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1982) Improving the Collection of Debts Owed the Government. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nguyen M (2010) Therapeutic groups for adults with mental illness and their caregivers: A grant proposal. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard M (2014) Sunsets and Pink Dolphins Along the Amazon. New York Times TR12

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Collins 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Hart and Branscomb 2000; Collins 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hart and Branscomb 2000)
Three or more authors: (Shima et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Empirical Economics
Abbreviation	Empir. Econ.
ISSN (print)	0377-7332
ISSN (online)	1435-8921
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Mathematics (miscellaneous) Statistics and Probability Social Sciences (miscellaneous)