How to format your references using the Empirical Economics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Empirical Economics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Callaway E (2012) Evolutionary biology: the lost appetites. Nature 486:S16-7

A journal article with 2 authors

Chan Y-HM, Marshall WF (2012) How cells know the size of their organelles. Science 337:1186–1189

A journal article with 3 authors

Freimund DL, Aflatooni K, Batelaan H (2001) Observation of the Kapitza-Dirac effect. Nature 413:142–143

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Dubrovinsky LS, Dubrovinskaia NA, Swamy V, et al (2001) Materials science. The hardest known oxide. Nature 410:653–654

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Reinhardt H-W (2010) Ingenieurbaustoffe. Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin, Germany

An edited book

Stanko EA (2016) Police Use of Research Evidence: Recommendations for Improvement. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Aral A, Gupta V, Agarwal RP (2013) q-Bernstein-Type Integral Operators. In: Gupta V, Agarwal RP (eds) Applications of q-Calculus in Operator Theory. Springer, New York, NY, pp 113–144

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Empirical Economics.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Remind Me Again, How Does Cannabis Affect The Brain? In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/remind-me-again-how-does-cannabis-affect-brain/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1992) Technology Transfer: Barriers Limit Royalty Sharing’s Effectiveness. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Escalante-Guerra M (2009) Policy analysis proposal regarding the Adoptions and Safe Family Act of 1997. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly C (2014) Film Delves Into Lives of Strippers in Dallas. New York Times A27B

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Callaway 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Callaway 2012; Chan and Marshall 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Chan and Marshall 2012)
Three or more authors: (Dubrovinsky et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Empirical Economics
Abbreviation	Empir. Econ.
ISSN (print)	0377-7332
ISSN (online)	1435-8921
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Mathematics (miscellaneous) Statistics and Probability Social Sciences (miscellaneous)