How to format your references using the Empirical Economics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Empirical Economics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Grinnell F (2013) It is time to update US biomedical funding. Nature 501:137

A journal article with 2 authors

Vaughn D, Strathmann RR (2008) Predators induce cloning in echinoderm larvae. Science 319:1503

A journal article with 3 authors

Yu D, Wang C, Guyot-Sionnest P (2003) n-Type conducting CdSe nanocrystal solids. Science 300:1277–1280

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Jin C, Zhang J, Li X, et al (2013) Injectable 3-D fabrication of medical electronics at the target biological tissues. Sci Rep 3:3442

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Renaud B, Kim K-H, Cho M (2016) Dynamics of Housing in East Asia. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Corchado E, Wu X, Oja E, et al (eds) (2009) Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Systems: 4th International Conference, HAIS 2009, Salamanca, Spain, June 10-12, 2009. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Moghaddam B, Pehrson AL (2010) Disinhibition of Prefrontal Cortex Neurons in Schizophrenia. In: Gattaz WF, Busatto G (eds) Advances in Schizophrenia Research 2009. Springer, New York, NY, pp 99–111

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Empirical Economics.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Human-Like Robot Beats Other Bots In DARPA’s Robotics Challenge. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/human-robot-beats-other-bots-darpas-robotice-challenge/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1996) Education and Labor: Information on the Departments’ Field Offices. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gu P (2017) Advanced Nonlinear Control and Estimation Methods for AC Power Generation Systems. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gurley G (2010) Titans in Party Dresses: Socialite, debutante, advocate: all spell Hadley Marie Nagel, who at 19 boasts a résumé over the top. New York Times ST1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Grinnell 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Vaughn and Strathmann 2008; Grinnell 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Vaughn and Strathmann 2008)
Three or more authors: (Jin et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Empirical Economics
Abbreviation	Empir. Econ.
ISSN (print)	0377-7332
ISSN (online)	1435-8921
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Mathematics (miscellaneous) Statistics and Probability Social Sciences (miscellaneous)