How to format your references using the Emission Control Science and Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Emission Control Science and Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Astudillo Besnier, P.: Chile needs better science governance and support. Nature. 511, 385 (2014)

A journal article with 2 authors

Ding, H.-M., Ma, Y.-Q.: Controlling cellular uptake of nanoparticles with pH-sensitive polymers. Sci. Rep. 3, 2804 (2013)

A journal article with 3 authors

Buehler, M.J., Abraham, F.F., Gao, H.: Hyperelasticity governs dynamic fracture at a critical length scale. Nature. 426, 141–146 (2003)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Chang, M., Iizuka, H., Naruse, Y., Ando, H., Maeda, T.: Unconscious learning of auditory discrimination using mismatch negativity (MMN) neurofeedback. Sci. Rep. 4, 6729 (2014)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Nash, C.E.: The History of Aquaculture. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK (2011)

An edited book

Bangsow, S. ed: Use Cases of Discrete Event Simulation: Appliance and Research. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2012)

A chapter in an edited book

Kirshen, P.H., Douglas, E.M., Paolisso, M., Enrici, A.: Social and Cultural Incentives and Obstacles to Adaptation to Increased Coastal Flooding in East Boston, MA USA. In: Karl, H.A., Scarlett, L., Vargas-Moreno, J.C., and Flaxman, M. (eds.) Restoring Lands - Coordinating Science, Politics and Action: Complexities of Climate and Governance. pp. 85–107. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht (2012)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Emission Control Science and Technology.

Blog post

Fang, J.: Doctors Announce World’s First Successful Penis Transplant, https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/doctors-announce-worlds-first-successful-penis-transplant/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Job Training Partnership Act: Services and Outcomes for Participants With Differing Needs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1989)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lemheney, A.J.: Design and development of virtual reality simulation for teaching high-risk low-volume problem-prone office-based medical emergencies, (2014)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Robertson, C., Blinder, A.: Grim View Emerges as Louisiana Flood Recedes, (2016)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Emission Control Science and Technology
Abbreviation	Emission Contr. Sci. Technol.
ISSN (print)	2199-3629
ISSN (online)	2199-3637
Scope