How to format your references using the Emergency Radiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Emergency Radiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Macilwain C (2000) Physicists celebrate detection of elusive “final” particle. Nature 406:334

A journal article with 2 authors

Shidara M, Richmond BJ (2002) Anterior cingulate: single neuronal signals related to degree of reward expectancy. Science 296:1709–1711

A journal article with 3 authors

Wilson AM, Watson JC, Lichtwark GA (2003) Biomechanics: A catapult action for rapid limb protraction. Nature 421:35–36

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Yang L, Tan Z, Wang D, et al (2014) Species identification through mitochondrial rRNA genetic analysis. Sci Rep 4:4089

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kimberlin L, zur Linden A, Ruoff L (2016) Atlas of Clinical Imaging and Anatomy of the Equine Head. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Aramaki M, Barthet M, Kronland-Martinet R, Ystad S (2013) From Sounds to Music and Emotions: 9th International Symposium, CMMR 2012, London, UK, June 19-22, 2012, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Saakov VS, Krivchenko AI, Rozengart EV, Danilova IG (2015) The Range of DSHO Application in Experiments with Pigments of Plants and Animals. In: Krivchenko AI, Rozengart EV, Danilova IG (eds) Derivative Spectrophotometry and PAM-Fluorescence in Comparative Biochemistry. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 479–605

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Emergency Radiology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) New Analysis Reveals No Firm Conclusion On Whether Neonicotinoid Pesticides Harm Honeybee Populations. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1999) Federal Highway Administration: Parts and Accessories Necessary for Safe Operations, Lighting Devices, Reflectors, and Electrical Equipment. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Adams S (2013) A study of childhood eating habits in the United States and their association with race and gender. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B (2017) We’re All Doomed. It Says So in the Script. New York Times C4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Emergency Radiology
Abbreviation	Emerg. Radiol.
ISSN (print)	1070-3004
ISSN (online)	1438-1435
Scope	Emergency Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging