How to format your references using the Emergency Radiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Emergency Radiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

May RM (2010) Ecology. Tropical arthropod species, more or less? Science 329:41–42

A journal article with 2 authors

Wentz FJ, Schabel M (2000) Precise climate monitoring using complementary satellite data sets. Nature 403:414–416

A journal article with 3 authors

Loudon JC, Mathur ND, Midgley PA (2002) Charge-ordered ferromagnetic phase in La(0.5)Ca(0.5)MnO3. Nature 420:797–800

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Maurer M, Wedemeyer J, Metz M, et al (2004) Mast cells promote homeostasis by limiting endothelin-1-induced toxicity. Nature 432:512–516

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

CCPS (2006) Safe Design and Operation of Process Vents and Emission Control Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Drira K (2013) Software Architecture: 7th European Conference, ECSA 2013, Montpellier, France, July 1-5, 2013. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Liu J, Johnston MR (2006) Laboratory Models of Lung Cancer. In: Syrigos KN, Nutting CM, Roussos C (eds) Tumors of the Chest: Biology, Diagnosis and Management. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 43–56

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Emergency Radiology.

Blog post

Davis J (2016) Pinching Figs Could Help Explain The Origin Of Our Fine Motor Skills. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1978) How Good Are School Lunches? U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wheatley BA (2010) Leadership styles of healthcare executives: Comparisons of transformational, transactional, and passive-avoidant styles. Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lasdun J (2017) Odd Coupling. New York Times BR11

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Emergency Radiology
Abbreviation	Emerg. Radiol.
ISSN (print)	1070-3004
ISSN (online)	1438-1435
Scope	Emergency Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging