How to format your references using the Emergency Medicine Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Emergency Medicine Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stern A. Non-Abelian states of matter. Nature. 2010;464:187–93.

A journal article with 2 authors

Eom Y-H, Jo H-H. Generalized friendship paradox in complex networks: the case of scientific collaboration. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4603.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cui M, Emrick T, Russell TP. Stabilizing liquid drops in nonequilibrium shapes by the interfacial jamming of nanoparticles. Science. 2013;342:460–3.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Shalapour S, Lin X-J, Bastian IN, et al. Erratum: Inflammation-induced IgA+ cells dismantle anti-liver cancer immunity. Nature. 2017;552:430.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lakshminarayana B. Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer of Turbomachinery. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007.

An edited book

Lim KYT, editor. Disciplinary Intuitions and the Design of Learning Environments. Singapore: Springer 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Roussak OV, Gesser HD. Alternate Fuels. In: Gesser HD, ed. Applied Chemistry: A Textbook for Engineers and Technologists. Boston, MA: Springer US 2013:71–83.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Emergency Medicine Journal.

Blog post

Andrew E. Evidence Of A Galactic Collision. IFLScience. 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/space/evidence-galactic-collision/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Transportation-Disadvantaged Populations: Federal Agencies Are Taking Steps to Assist States and Local Agencies in Coordinating Transportation Services. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Grace-McCaskey CA. Fishermen, Politics, and Participation: An Ethnographic Examination of Commercial Fisheries Management in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. John Kelly E. Ghosts Of Montero, By the Sea. New York Times. 1995;134.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Emergency Medicine Journal
Abbreviation	Emerg. Med. J.
ISSN (print)	1472-0205
ISSN (online)	1472-0213
Scope	General Medicine Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine Emergency Medicine