How to format your references using the International Journal for Equity in Health citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal for Equity in Health. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Njau J. Paleontology. Reading Pliocene bones. Science. 2012;336:46–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Abraham RT, Tibbetts RS. Cell biology. Guiding ATM to broken DNA. Science. 2005;308:510–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Sims DW, Andrews PL, Young JZ. Stomach rinsing in rays. Nature. 2000;404:566.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Mariathasan S, Newton K, Monack DM, Vucic D, French DM, Lee WP, et al. Differential activation of the inflammasome by caspase-1 adaptors ASC and Ipaf. Nature. 2004;430:213–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Tan Y. Artificial Immune System Applications in Computersecurity. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

1. O’Brien M, Meehan WP III, editors. Head and Neck Injuries in Young Athletes. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Shirouzu H. Focus-Based Constructive Interaction. In: Suthers DD, Lund K, Rosé CP, Teplovs C, Law N, editors. Productive Multivocality in the Analysis of Group Interactions. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2013. p. 103–22.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal for Equity in Health.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Hidden Brain Activity Distinguishes Between Vegetative Patients [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/hidden-brain-activity-distinguishes-between-vegetative-patients/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. University Research: Most Federal Agencies Need to Better Protect against Financial Conflicts of Interest. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003 Nov. Report No.: GAO-04-31.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Doss A. Trapped within the white gaze: A DuBoisian approach to understanding the existential burden of being a black man in America [Doctoral dissertation]. [Bloomington, IN]: Indiana University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kelly K. Keep ’Em Coming. New York Times. 2007 Aug 17;A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal for Equity in Health
Abbreviation	Int. J. Equity Health
ISSN (online)	1475-9276
Scope	Health Policy Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

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