How to format your references using the Electronic Structure citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Electronic Structure. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Butler D 2003 Developing-world health: the fightback starts here Nature 426 754

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Talapin D V and Murray C B 2005 PbSe nanocrystal solids for n- and p-channel thin film field-effect transistors Science 310 86–9

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Indjeian V B, Stern B M and Murray A W 2005 The centromeric protein Sgo1 is required to sense lack of tension on mitotic chromosomes Science 307 130–3

A journal article with 99 or more authors

[1]

Yuan W, Zhou Y, Li Y, Li C, Peng H, Zhang J, Liu Z, Dai L and Shi G 2013 The edge- and basal-plane-specific electrochemistry of a single-layer graphene sheet Sci. Rep. 3 2248

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Bradford R 2015 Is Shakespeare Any Good? (Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd)

An edited book

[1]

Winkler D, O’Connor R V and Messnarz R 2012 Systems, Software and Services Process Improvement: 19th European Conference, EuroSPI 2012, Vienna, Austria, June 25-27, 2012. Proceedings vol 301 (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer)

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Duindam V, Macchelli A, Stramigioli S and Bruyninckx H 2009 Control of Finite-Dimensional Port-Hamiltonian Systems Modeling and Control of Complex Physical Systems: The Port-Hamiltonian Approach ed A Macchelli, S Stramigioli and H Bruyninckx (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer) pp 273–318

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Electronic Structure.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E 2015 New Program Helps You Identify Birds With One Photo IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office 1979 Proposed Closure of VOA Dixon Relay Station (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Robles B 2009 Academic achievement among foster care children with a disability: A grant proposal Doctoral dissertation (Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Sokolove M 2017 Following the Money New York Times AR22

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Electronic Structure
ISSN (online)	2516-1075
Scope