How to format your references using the Electoral Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Electoral Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Paulsson, J., 2004. Summing up the noise in gene networks. Nature 427, 415–418.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lacour, J., Linder, D., 2007. Chemistry. A counterion strategy. Science 317, 462–463.

A journal article with 3 authors

Budday, S., Raybaud, C., Kuhl, E., 2014. A mechanical model predicts morphological abnormalities in the developing human brain. Sci. Rep. 4, 5644.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Ram, R.J., Verberkmoes, N.C., Thelen, M.P., Tyson, G.W., Baker, B.J., Blake, R.C., 2nd, Shah, M., Hettich, R.L., Banfield, J.F., 2005. Community proteomics of a natural microbial biofilm. Science 308, 1915–1920.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McGuiggan, P., 2005. GPRS in Practice. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Bharitkar, S., Kyriakakis, C. (Eds.), 2006. Immersive Audio Signal Processing, Information Technology: Transmission, Processing and Storage. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Cawley, O., Wang, X., Richardson, I., 2010. Lean/Agile Software Development Methodologies in Regulated Environments – State of the Art, in: Abrahamsson, P., Oza, N. (Eds.), Lean Enterprise Software and Systems: First International Conference, LESS 2010, Helsinki, Finland, October 17-20, 2010. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 31–36.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Electoral Studies.

Blog post

Andrew, D., 2016. Heart Attack Deaths More Likely At Christmas [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2004. Federal Research: Information on DOE’s Laboratory-Directed R&D Program (No. GAO-04-489). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zohourian, M., 2015. Supply Chain Decision Making Under Demand Uncertainty and the Use of Control Systems: A Correlational Study (Doctoral dissertation). Northcentral University, Scottsdale, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow, L., 2008. Jones Beach Tower Set for Restoration. New York Times LI11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Paulsson, 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Lacour and Linder, 2007; Paulsson, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lacour and Linder, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Ram et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Electoral Studies
Abbreviation	Elect. Stud.
ISSN (print)	0261-3794
Scope	Political Science and International Relations