How to format your references using the Electoral Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Electoral Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bignami, G.F., 2009. Astronomy. Two missions, one microquasar. Science 326, 1490–1491.

A journal article with 2 authors

Brockes, J.P., Kumar, A., 2005. Appendage regeneration in adult vertebrates and implications for regenerative medicine. Science 310, 1919–1923.

A journal article with 3 authors

McDermott, F., Mattey, D.P., Hawkesworth, C., 2001. Centennial-scale Holocene climate variability revealed by a high-resolution speleothem delta 18O record from SW Ireland. Science 294, 1328–1331.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Nolen, B.J., Tomasevic, N., Russell, A., Pierce, D.W., Jia, Z., McCormick, C.D., Hartman, J., Sakowicz, R., Pollard, T.D., 2009. Characterization of two classes of small molecule inhibitors of Arp2/3 complex. Nature 460, 1031–1034.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Michaud, T., 2017. Innovation, Between Science and Science Fiction. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Helfman Cohen, Y., 2016. Biomimetic Design Method for Innovation and Sustainability. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Rizza, G.B., 2012. Teoria Delle Funzioni Monogene Nelle Algebre Complesse Commutative Dotate Di Modulo, in: Bompiani, E. (Ed.), Analisi Funzionale. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 189–198.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Electoral Studies.

Blog post

Luntz, S., 2014. James Watson Complains That His Racist Remarks Have Affected His Career [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1989. Guaranteed Student Loans: Comparisons of Single State and Multistate Guaranty Agencies (No. HRD-89-92). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Roberts, M., 2017. Use of Stay Interviews as a Retention Tool for Key Talent (Doctoral dissertation). Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M.W., 2010. New York Taxpayers Facing $200 Billion in Retiree Costs. New York Times B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bignami, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Bignami, 2009; Brockes and Kumar, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Brockes and Kumar, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Nolen et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Electoral Studies
Abbreviation	Elect. Stud.
ISSN (print)	0261-3794
Scope	Political Science and International Relations