How to format your references using the Electoral Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Electoral Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Parman, S.W., 2007. Helium isotopic evidence for episodic mantle melting and crustal growth. Nature 446, 900–903.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lazazzera, B.A., Hughes, D., 2015. Genetics: Location affects sporulation. Nature 525, 42–43.

A journal article with 3 authors

Whitmarsh, R.B., Manatschal, G., Minshull, T.A., 2001. Evolution of magma-poor continental margins from rifting to seafloor spreading. Nature 413, 150–154.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Williams, T.F., Mirando, A.C., Wilkinson, B., Francklyn, C.S., Lounsbury, K.M., 2013. Secreted Threonyl-tRNA synthetase stimulates endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. Sci. Rep. 3, 1317.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Billingsley, J., 2006. Essentials of Mechatronics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Saito, T., Stone, J.H., Nakashima, H., Saeki, T., Kawano, M. (Eds.), 2016. IgG4-Related Kidney Disease. Springer Japan, Tokyo.

A chapter in an edited book

Palacián, J.F., Yanguas, P., 2006. From the circular to the spatial elliptic restricted three-body problem, in: Celletti, A., Ferraz-Mello, S. (Eds.), Periodic, Quasi-Periodic and Chaotic Motions in Celestial Mechanics: Theory and Applications: Selected Papers from the Fourth Meeting on Celestial Mechanics, CELMEC IV San Martino al Cimino (Italy), 11–16 September 2005. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 81–99.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Electoral Studies.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Young Star Theory Forged From A Near Miss With A Giant Black Hole [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/young-star-theory-forged-near-miss-giant-black-hole/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1977. Grant Funds to Eisenhower College (No. GGD-77-47). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Benware, A., 2017. The Roles of Teaching Experience and Authoritative Classroom Management Style on Student Discipline (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K., 2002. How AT&T Picks Plays: Tracking “Bright Ideas.” New York Times F13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Parman, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Lazazzera and Hughes, 2015; Parman, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lazazzera and Hughes, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Williams et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Electoral Studies
Abbreviation	Elect. Stud.
ISSN (print)	0261-3794
Scope	Political Science and International Relations