How to format your references using the Electoral Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Electoral Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Anderson, P.W., 2009. A Gross-Pitaevskii treatment for supersolid helium. Science 324, 631–632.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hemingway, J., Craig, A., 2004. Parasitology. New ways to control malaria. Science 303, 1984–1985.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kim, V.N., Kataoka, N., Dreyfuss, G., 2001. Role of the nonsense-mediated decay factor hUpf3 in the splicing-dependent exon-exon junction complex. Science 293, 1832–1836.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Fang, Y., Song, Y.Q., Zhou, W.P., Zhao, R., Tang, R.J., Yang, H., Lv, L.Y., Yang, S.G., Wang, D.H., Du, Y.W., 2014. Large magnetoelectric coupling in Co4Nb2O9. Sci. Rep. 4, 3860.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Moir, I., Seabridge, A.G., 2006. Military Avionics Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Sivalingam, K.M., Subramaniam, S. (Eds.), 2005. Emerging Optical Network Technologies: Architectures, Protocols and Performance. Springer US, Boston, MA.

A chapter in an edited book

Gulati, K., Khatri, S.P., 2010. Accelerating Boolean Satisfiability on a Custom IC, in: Khatri, S.P. (Ed.), Hardware Acceleration of EDA Algorithms: Custom ICs, FPGAs and GPUs. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp. 33–61.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Electoral Studies.

Blog post

Carpineti, C., 2017. Watch The Moment A Baby Kangaroo Is Rescued From Dead Mother’s Pouch [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1998. FCC: Installment Payment Financing for Personal Communications Services Licensees (No. OGC-99-3). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Unison-Pace, W.J., 2015. Investigating generational differences of perceived uncivilized behaviors between students and faculty in nursing education (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy, M.J.O., 2016. For St. Patrick’s Day Parade 1855, Snow on the Clover. New York Times C26.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Anderson, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Anderson, 2009; Hemingway and Craig, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hemingway and Craig, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Fang et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Electoral Studies
Abbreviation	Elect. Stud.
ISSN (print)	0261-3794
Scope	Political Science and International Relations