How to format your references using the Eighteenth-Century Life citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Eighteenth-Century Life. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zaanen, Jan. “Physics. Watching Rush Hour in the World of Electrons.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 315, no. 5817 (March 9, 2007): 1372–73.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wu, Xiaoyun, and Gary Ruvkun. “Cancer. Germ Cell Genes and Cancer.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 330, no. 6012 (December 24, 2010): 1761–62.

A journal article with 3 authors

Flower, Tom P., Matthew Gribble, and Amanda R. Ridley. “Deception by Flexible Alarm Mimicry in an African Bird.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 344, no. 6183 (May 2, 2014): 513–16.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Sherbinin, A. de, M. Castro, F. Gemenne, M. M. Cernea, S. Adamo, P. M. Fearnside, G. Krieger, et al. “Climate Change. Preparing for Resettlement Associated with Climate Change.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 334, no. 6055 (October 28, 2011): 456–57.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kizer, George. Digital Microwave Communication. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013.

An edited book

Pleyer, Uwe. Uveitis and Immunological Disorders. Edited by John V. Forrester. Essentials in Ophthalmology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Ma, Yefeng, Qing Deng, Xinzhi Wang, Jiaqi Liu, and Hui Zhang. “Keyword-Based Semantic Analysis of Microblog for Public Opinion Study in Online Collective Behaviors.” In Web-Age Information Management: WAIM 2014 International Workshops: BigEM, HardBD, DaNoS, HRSUNE, BIDASYS, Macau, China, June 16-18, 2014, Revised Selected Papers, edited by Yueguo Chen, Wolf-Tilo Balke, Jianliang Xu, Wei Xu, Peiquan Jin, Xin Lin, Tiffany Tang, and Eenjun Hwang, 44–55. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Eighteenth-Century Life.

Blog post

Andrew, Danielle. “How Science Can Help Us Make AI Less Creepy And More Trustworthy.” IFLScience. IFLScience, July 20, 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/how-science-can-help-us-make-ai-less-creepy-and-more-trustworthy/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. “Information Technology: DOD Needs to Strengthen Management of Its Statutorily Mandated Software and System Process Improvement Efforts.” Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, September 8, 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Connelly, Julianna. “A Tradition of Excellence Transitions to the 21 St Century: Hungarian Mathematics Education, 1988-2008.” Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, Michael. “Clinton Set for a Vacation Of Sports and Lots of Talk.” New York Times, December 28, 1992.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Eighteenth-Century Life
Abbreviation	Eighteenth Century Life
ISSN (print)	0098-2601
ISSN (online)	1086-3192
Scope	History Literature and Literary Theory Visual Arts and Performing Arts Cultural Studies