How to format your references using the Eighteenth-Century Life citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Eighteenth-Century Life. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pearson, Helen. “Biotech Firms Pin Hopes on Defence.” Nature 422, no. 6934 (April 24, 2003): 790.

A journal article with 2 authors

Evans, James A., and Jacob Reimer. “Open Access and Global Participation in Science.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 323, no. 5917 (February 20, 2009): 1025.

A journal article with 3 authors

Grenier, M. B., D. B. McDonald, and S. W. Buskirk. “Rapid Population Growth of a Critically Endangered Carnivore.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 317, no. 5839 (August 10, 2007): 779.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Peters, Nathan C., Jackson G. Egen, Nagila Secundino, Alain Debrabant, Nicola Kimblin, Shaden Kamhawi, Phillip Lawyer, Michael P. Fay, Ronald N. Germain, and David Sacks. “In Vivo Imaging Reveals an Essential Role for Neutrophils in Leishmaniasis Transmitted by Sand Flies.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 321, no. 5891 (August 15, 2008): 970–74.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kivy, Peter. Once-Told Tales. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.

An edited book

Maconi, Giovanni, and Gabriele Bianchi Porro, eds. Ultrasound of the Gastrointestinal Tract. 2nd ed. 2014. Medical Radiology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Xiang, Qing, Runsheng Yin, Jintao Xu, and Xiangzheng Deng. “Modeling the Driving Forces of the Land Use and Land Cover Changes Along the Upper Yangtze River.” In An Integrated Assessment of China’s Ecological Restoration Programs, edited by Runsheng Yin, 69–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Eighteenth-Century Life.

Blog post

Hale, Tom. “California’s Famous Giant Sequoia ‘Tunnel Tree’ Falls From Heavy Rain.” IFLScience. IFLScience, January 10, 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/californias-famous-giant-sequoia-tunnel-tree-falls-from-heavy-rain/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. “Aviation Security: Efforts to Measure Effectiveness and Strengthen Security Programs.” Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, November 20, 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Krutsinger, Roxane. “Evaluation of Grassland Restoration Success in Illinois Using Indicators of Ecosystem Function.” Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chira, Susan. “Strange Moors.” New York Times, December 15, 2013.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Eighteenth-Century Life
Abbreviation	Eighteenth Century Life
ISSN (print)	0098-2601
ISSN (online)	1086-3192
Scope	History Literature and Literary Theory Visual Arts and Performing Arts Cultural Studies