How to format your references using the Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ray LB. Metabolism. Metabolism is not boring. Introduction. Science 2010;330:1337.

A journal article with 2 authors

Herberstein ME, Kemp DJ. Physiology. A clearer view from fuzzy images. Science 2012;335:409–10.

A journal article with 3 authors

Aspinwall LG, Brown TR, Tabery J. The double-edged sword: does biomechanism increase or decrease judges’ sentencing of psychopaths? Science 2012;337:846–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wu J-J, Li C, Zhang B-Y, Cressman R, Tao Y. The role of institutional incentives and the exemplar in promoting cooperation. Sci Rep 2014;4:6421.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Groves E. The Constant Contact Guide to Email Marketing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2009.

An edited book

Göhner JF, Jung E-M, editors. Susan Haack: Reintegrating Philosophy. vol. 2. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Yu N, Xu Q. Public Discourse on Genetically Modified Foods in the Mobile Sphere: Framing Risks, Opportunities, and Responsibilities in Mobile Social Media in China. In: Wei R, editor. Mobile Media, Political Participation, and Civic Activism in Asia: Private Chat to Public Communication. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2016. p. 81–102.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation.

Blog post

Andrew E. Astronomers Spot Signs Of Some Of The Earliest Galaxies. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015. URL: https://www.iflscience.com/space/how-did-no-one-see-all-these-galaxies/ (Accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Spectrum Management: Incentives, Opportunities, and Testing Needed to Enhance Spectrum Sharing. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2012.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Flores E. An exploratory study on widows’ experiences following the loss of their spouse. Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach; 2010; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barnes B, Koblin J. ABC’s ‘Live’ Ends Search, Naming Seacrest Co-Host. New York Times 2017:B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation
Abbreviation	Effic. Mech. Eval.
ISSN (print)	2050-4365
ISSN (online)	2050-4373
Scope