How to format your references using the Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Power PP. Main-group elements as transition metals. Nature 2010;463:171–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Goncharenko I, Loubeyre P. Neutron and X-ray diffraction study of the broken symmetry phase transition in solid deuterium. Nature 2005;435:1206–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wittkopp PJ, Haerum BK, Clark AG. Evolutionary changes in cis and trans gene regulation. Nature 2004;430:85–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Schirawski J, Mannhaupt G, Münch K, Brefort T, Schipper K, Doehlemann G, et al. Pathogenicity determinants in smut fungi revealed by genome comparison. Science 2010;330:1546–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bolstad WM, Curran JM. Introduction to Bayesian Statistics, Third Edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

Specht L, Yahalom J, editors. Radiotherapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Yehezkel C, Haberman B. Bridging the Gap Between School Computing and the “Real World”. In: Mittermeir RT, editor. Informatics Education – The Bridge between Using and Understanding Computers: International Conference in Informatics in Secondary Schools – Evolution and Perspectives, ISSEP 2006, Vilnius, Lithuania, November 7-11, 2006. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006. p. 38–47.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation.

Blog post

Taub B. Hidden Scars On Brains Of Military Personnel Could Explain How Bomb Shockwaves Damage Cognition. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016. URL: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/hidden-scars-brains-military-personnel-could-explain-bomb-shockwaves-damage-cognition/ (Accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Resellers: Consumer Privacy Framework Needs to Reflect Changes in Technology and the Marketplace. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bentley KJ. Modern Public Market to Revitalize a Small Community. Doctoral dissertation, Washington, DC: George Washington University; 2016; 2016.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

GEORGE GENE GUSTINES; Compiled by RACHEL LEE HARRIS. Stephen King Plans a Vampire Comic. New York Times 2009:C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation
Abbreviation	Effic. Mech. Eval.
ISSN (print)	2050-4365
ISSN (online)	2050-4373
Scope