How to format your references using the Educational Technology Research and Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Educational Technology Research and Development. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kerr, R. A. (2000). PLANETARY SCIENCE: Making a Splash With a Hint of Mars Water. Science (New York, N.Y.), 288(5475), 2295–2297.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tierney, J. E., & deMenocal, P. B. (2013). Abrupt shifts in Horn of Africa hydroclimate since the Last Glacial Maximum. Science (New York, N.Y.), 342(6160), 843–846.

A journal article with 3 authors

MacMicking, J. D., Taylor, G. A., & McKinney, J. D. (2003). Immune control of tuberculosis by IFN-gamma-inducible LRG-47. Science (New York, N.Y.), 302(5645), 654–659.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Ferrari, R., Pellegrini, M., Horwitz, G. A., Xie, W., Berk, A. J., & Kurdistani, S. K. (2008). Epigenetic reprogramming by adenovirus e1a. Science (New York, N.Y.), 321(5892), 1086–1088.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Van Der Pijl, P., Solomon, L. K., & Lokitz, J. (2016). How To Design a Better Business. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Gajski, D. D. (2009). Embedded System Design: Modeling, Synthesis and Verification. (S. Abdi, A. Gerstlauer, & G. Schirner, Eds.). Boston, MA: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Fernández-Jalvo, Y., & Andrews, P. (2016). Pits and Perforations. In P. Andrews (Ed.), Atlas of Taphonomic Identifications: 1001+ Images of Fossil and Recent Mammal Bone Modification (pp. 101–153). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Educational Technology Research and Development.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2017, March 29). Motor Neuron Disease Linked To Schizophrenia, And Treatment Might Be Getting Closer. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/motor-neuron-disease-linked-to-schizophrenia-and-treatment-might-be-getting-closer/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1991). Meeting the Aviation Challenges of the 1990s: Experts Define Key Problems and Identify Emerging Issues (No. RCED-91-152). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zhao, Y. (2005). Studies on Error Control of 3-D Zerotree Wavelet Video Streaming (Doctoral dissertation). Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Quain, J. R. (2017, July 27). Your Car Is Keeping Tabs on You. So Who’s It Tattling To? New York Times, p. B4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kerr 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Kerr 2000; Tierney and deMenocal 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tierney and deMenocal 2013)
Three or more authors: (Ferrari et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Educational Technology Research and Development
Abbreviation	Educ. Technol. Res. Dev.
ISSN (print)	1042-1629
ISSN (online)	1556-6501
Scope	Education