How to format your references using the Educational Technology Research and Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Educational Technology Research and Development. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cann, R. L. (2013). Genetics. Y weigh in again on modern humans. Science (New York, N.Y.), 341(6145), 465–467.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wang, X., & Chen, X. J. (2015). A cytosolic network suppressing mitochondria-mediated proteostatic stress and cell death. Nature, 524(7566), 481–484.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sasai, M., Linehan, M. M., & Iwasaki, A. (2010). Bifurcation of Toll-like receptor 9 signaling by adaptor protein 3. Science (New York, N.Y.), 329(5998), 1530–1534.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Yasuda, R., Noji, H., Yoshida, M., Kinosita, K., Jr, & Itoh, H. (2001). Resolution of distinct rotational substeps by submillisecond kinetic analysis of F1-ATPase. Nature, 410(6831), 898–904.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hessel, V., Löwe, H., Müller, A., & Kolb, G. (2005). Chemical Micro Process Engineering. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Jong, W. D., Donovan, D., & Abe, K.-I. (Eds.). (2007). Extreme Conflict and Tropical Forests (Vol. 5). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Meyer, F. (2013). Flooding Edge Weighted Graphs. In W. G. Kropatsch, N. M. Artner, Y. Haxhimusa, & X. Jiang (Eds.), Graph-Based Representations in Pattern Recognition: 9th IAPR-TC-15 International Workshop, GbRPR 2013, Vienna, Austria, May 15-17, 2013. Proceedings (pp. 31–40). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Educational Technology Research and Development.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2015, October 28). King Penguins Adversely Affected By Climate Extremes. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/king-penguins-adversely-affected-climate-extremes/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1993). Mass Transit: Federal Participation in Transit Benefit Programs (No. T-RCED-93-72). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Alalshaikh, S. A. (2017). Leadership Styles in Saudi Arabian Universities: Comparison Based on Educational Background (Doctoral dissertation). Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron, J. (2017, February 13). A Global Bible Contest Serves as a Testament to Their Relationship. New York Times, p. A24.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Cann 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Cann 2013; Wang and Chen 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wang and Chen 2015)
Three or more authors: (Yasuda et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Educational Technology Research and Development
Abbreviation	Educ. Technol. Res. Dev.
ISSN (print)	1042-1629
ISSN (online)	1556-6501
Scope	Education