How to format your references using the Educational Technology Research and Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Educational Technology Research and Development. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Penrose, O. (2005). An asymmetric world. Nature, 438(7070), 919.

A journal article with 2 authors

Podgornaia, A. I., & Laub, M. T. (2015). Protein evolution. Pervasive degeneracy and epistasis in a protein-protein interface. Science (New York, N.Y.), 347(6222), 673–677.

A journal article with 3 authors

Matsuo, N., Reijmers, L., & Mayford, M. (2008). Spine-type-specific recruitment of newly synthesized AMPA receptors with learning. Science (New York, N.Y.), 319(5866), 1104–1107.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Valenzuela, S. O., Oliver, W. D., Berns, D. M., Berggren, K. K., Levitov, L. S., & Orlando, T. P. (2006). Microwave-induced cooling of a superconducting qubit. Science (New York, N.Y.), 314(5805), 1589–1592.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Souza de Cursi, E. (2015). Variational Methods for Engineers with Matlab®. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Zhou, Q. (2013). Network Robustness under Large-Scale Attacks. (L. Gao, R. Liu, & S. Cui, Eds.). New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Carpené, M., Klampanos, I. A., Leong, S. H., Casarotti, E., Danecek, P., Ferini, G., et al. (2013). Towards Addressing CPU-Intensive Seismological Applications in Europe. In J. M. Kunkel, T. Ludwig, & H. W. Meuer (Eds.), Supercomputing: 28th International Supercomputing Conference, ISC 2013, Leipzig, Germany, June 16-20, 2013. Proceedings (pp. 55–66). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Educational Technology Research and Development.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2015, October 20). Long-Term Study Finds The Hearts Of Women And Men Age Differently. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/long-term-study-find-hearts-women-and-men-age-differently/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1992). Intermodal Freight Transportation: Combined Rail-Truck Service Offers Public Benefits, but Challenges Remain (No. RCED-93-16). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Stevenson, J. (2012). Differences in physical activity behavior between insulin using diabetics versus non-insulin using diabetics (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Baker, L. (2005, November 27). Can a City Grow Quickly And Stay Simple? New York Times, p. 119.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Penrose 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Penrose 2005; Podgornaia and Laub 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Podgornaia and Laub 2015)
Three or more authors: (Valenzuela et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Educational Technology Research and Development
Abbreviation	Educ. Technol. Res. Dev.
ISSN (print)	1042-1629
ISSN (online)	1556-6501
Scope	Education