How to format your references using the Educational Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Educational Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tanaka, Kenneth L. 2005. “Geology and Insolation-Driven Climatic History of Amazonian North Polar Materials on Mars.” Nature 437 (7061): 991–994.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gottfried, Kurt, and Edwin E. Salpeter. 2005. “Obituary: Hans A. Bethe (1906-2005).” Nature 434 (7036): 970–971.

A journal article with 3 authors

Scholl, Jonathan A., Ai Leen Koh, and Jennifer A. Dionne. 2012. “Quantum Plasmon Resonances of Individual Metallic Nanoparticles.” Nature 483 (7390): 421–427.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Liu, Hongbo, Yanjun Chen, Jie Lv, Hui Liu, Rangfei Zhu, Jianzhong Su, Xiaojuan Liu, Yan Zhang, and Qiong Wu. 2013. “Quantitative Epigenetic Co-Variation in CpG Islands and Co-Regulation of Developmental Genes.” Scientific Reports 3: 2576.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tolin, David F., Blaise L. Worden, Bethany M. Wootton, and Christina M. Gilliam. 2017. CBT for Hoarding Disorder. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Olsen, Odd-Arne, ed. 2007. Endosperm: Developmental and Molecular Biology. Vol. 8. Plant Cell Monographs. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Franco, Jacopo, Ben Kaczer, and Guido Groeseneken. 2014. “Negative Bias Temperature Instability in Nanoscale Devices.” In Reliability of High Mobility SiGe Channel MOSFETs for Future CMOS Applications, edited by Ben Kaczer and Guido Groeseneken, 131–160. Springer Series in Advanced Microelectronics. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Educational Studies.

Blog post

Hale, Tom. 2016. “India Has Planted Nearly 50 Million Trees In 24 Hours.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/india-has-planted-nearly-50-million-trees-in-24-hours/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2005. Independent Media Development Abroad: Challenges Exist in Implementing U.S. Efforts and Measuring Results. GAO-05-803. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Obidos, Charisa. 2015. “Attitudes toward and Knowledge of Advance Directives: A Quantitative Study.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt), Sophia Kishkovsky. 2005. “World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Bounty Paid On Dead Chechen Leader.” New York Times, March 16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Tanaka 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Tanaka 2005; Gottfried and Salpeter 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gottfried and Salpeter 2005)
Three authors: (Scholl, Koh, and Dionne 2012)
4 or more authors: (Liu et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Educational Studies
Abbreviation	Educ. Stud.
ISSN (print)	0305-5698
ISSN (online)	1465-3400
Scope	Education