How to format your references using the Educational Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Educational Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chin, Jason W. 2009. “Journal Club. A Molecular Biologist Gets Excited about Making Designer Proteins in Cells.” Nature 457 (7227): 239.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bian, Yusheng, and Qihuang Gong. 2014. “Tuning the Hybridization of Plasmonic and Coupled Dielectric Nanowire Modes for High-Performance Optical Waveguiding at Sub-Diffraction-Limited Scale.” Scientific Reports 4 (October): 6617.

A journal article with 3 authors

Simon, Patrice, Yury Gogotsi, and Bruce Dunn. 2014. “Materials Science. Where Do Batteries End and Supercapacitors Begin?” Science (New York, N.Y.) 343 (6176): 1210–1211.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Jiao, Yuannian, Norman J. Wickett, Saravanaraj Ayyampalayam, André S. Chanderbali, Lena Landherr, Paula E. Ralph, Lynn P. Tomsho, et al. 2011. “Ancestral Polyploidy in Seed Plants and Angiosperms.” Nature 473 (7345): 97–100.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Raynaud, Hervé, and Kenneth J. Arrow. 2011. Managerial Logic. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Ceccarelli, Marco, ed. 2010. Distinguished Figures in Mechanism and Machine Science: Their Contributions and Legacies, Part 2. Vol. 7. History of Mechanism and Machine Science. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Reinaldo, Francisco, Rui Camacho, Luís P. Reis, and Demétrio Renó Magalhães. 2009. “Fine-Tune Artificial Neural Networks Automatically.” In Proceedings of the European Computing Conference: Volume 1, edited by Nikos Mastorakis, Valeri Mladenov, and Vassiliki T. Kontargyri, 39–43. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Boston, MA: Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Educational Studies.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. “These Simulations Let You Visualize What It Would Look Like If The The Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Hit Your City.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/these-simulations-let-you-visualize-effects-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-todays-cities/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2014. Healthcare.Gov: Contract Planning and Oversight Practices Were Ineffective Given the Challenges and Risks. GAO-14-824T. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Priddy, Jeremy Daniel-John. 2014. “As Tufa to Sapphire: Gendering the Roles of Medieval Women in Combat.” Doctoral dissertation, Washington, DC: George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, Kelly. 2002. “Safe, for Now.” New York Times, January 13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Chin 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Chin 2009; Bian and Gong 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bian and Gong 2014)
Three authors: (Simon, Gogotsi, and Dunn 2014)
4 or more authors: (Jiao et al. 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Educational Studies
Abbreviation	Educ. Stud.
ISSN (print)	0305-5698
ISSN (online)	1465-3400
Scope	Education