How to format your references using the Educational Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Educational Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kimble, H. J. 2008. “The Quantum Internet.” Nature 453 (7198): 1023–1030.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hwang, Cheinway, and Emmy T. Y. Chang. 2014. “Geophysics. Seafloor Secrets Revealed.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 346 (6205): 32–33.

A journal article with 3 authors

Torres, Mark A., A. Joshua West, and Gaojun Li. 2014. “Sulphide Oxidation and Carbonate Dissolution as a Source of CO2 over Geological Timescales.” Nature 507 (7492): 346–349.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Reyes-Garcia, V., R. Godoy, V. Vadez, L. Apaza, E. Byron, T. Huanca, W. R. Leonard, E. Pérez, and D. Wilkie. 2003. “Ethnobotanical Knowledge Shared Widely among Tsimane’ Amerindians, Bolivia.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 299 (5613): 1707.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lundberg, Ulf, and Cary L. Cooper. 2010. The Science of Occupational Health. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Ulmer, Stephan, and Olav Jansen, eds. 2010. FMRI: Basics and Clinical Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Cerdà, V., J. Avivar, L. Ferrer, and L. O. Leal. 2013. “Automatic Water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring Systems.” In Smart Sensors for Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring, edited by Subhas C. Mukhopadhyay and Alex Mason, 105–123. Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumentation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Educational Studies.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2014. “Less Than 1% Of Sweden’s Trash Ends Up In Landfills.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/less-1-swedens-trash-ends-landfills/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2012. Information Technology Dashboard: Opportunities Exist to Improve Transparency and Oversight of Investment Risk at Select Agencies. GAO-13-98. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sarkissian, Lara N. 2009. “An Examination of Course-Level Factors Contributing to Student Success.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gordon, Michael R. 2017. “How the President Wrongly Blamed The Times for a Terrorist’s Survival.” New York Times, July 23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kimble 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Kimble 2008; Hwang and Chang 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hwang and Chang 2014)
Three authors: (Torres, West, and Li 2014)
4 or more authors: (Reyes-Garcia et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Educational Studies
Abbreviation	Educ. Stud.
ISSN (print)	0305-5698
ISSN (online)	1465-3400
Scope	Education