How to format your references using the Educational Researcher citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Educational Researcher. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Leisinger, K. (2015). Business needs to embrace sustainability targets. Nature, 528(7581), 165.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wilson, C. G., & Sherman, P. W. (2010). Anciently asexual bdelloid rotifers escape lethal fungal parasites by drying up and blowing away. Science (New York, N.Y.), 327(5965), 574–576.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gugliotti, L. A., Feldheim, D. L., & Eaton, B. E. (2004). RNA-mediated metal-metal bond formation in the synthesis of hexagonal palladium nanoparticles. Science (New York, N.Y.), 304(5672), 850–852.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Biggs, D., Smith, R. J., Adams, V. M., Brink, H., Cook, C. N., Cooney, R., Holden, M. H., Maron, M., Phelps, J., Possingham, H. P., Redford, K. H., Scholes, R. J., Sutherland, W. J., Underwood, F. M., & Milner-Gulland, E. J. (2018). Response-Ivory crisis. Science (New York, N.Y.), 360(6386), 277–278.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Morana, J. (2013). Sustainable Supply Chain Management. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Harrison, T. (Ed.). (2016). Financial Literacy and the Limits of Financial Decision-Making. Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Wang, G., Xu, J., Zhang, Q., & Liu, Y. (2015). Multi-granularity Intelligent Information Processing. In Y. Yao, Q. Hu, H. Yu, & J. W. Grzymala-Busse (Eds.), Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets, Data Mining, and Granular Computing: 15th International Conference, RSFDGrC 2015, Tianjin, China, November 20-23, 2015, Proceedings (pp. 36–48). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Educational Researcher.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, May 7). The Meat Served On The ‘Real’ Paleo Diet. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/other-red-meat-real-palaeodiet/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1972). Accounting System for Research and Development, Army Natick Laboratories (092853). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pham, H. D. (2017). Determination of Default Probability in Auto Finance through Predictive Analytics [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Alvarez, L. (2017, January 9). Pandemonium Followed Rumor of Second Airport Attacker. New York Times, A9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Leisinger, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Leisinger, 2015; Wilson & Sherman, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wilson & Sherman, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Biggs et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Educational Researcher
Abbreviation	Educ. Res.
ISSN (print)	0013-189X
ISSN (online)	1935-102X
Scope	Education