How to format your references using the Educational Researcher citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Educational Researcher. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mandavilli, A. (2013). Leukaemia. Nature, 498(7455), S1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Chen, M. S., & Goodman, D. W. (2004). The structure of catalytically active gold on titania. Science (New York, N.Y.), 306(5694), 252–255.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lill, J. T., Marquis, R. J., & Ricklefs, R. E. (2002). Host plants influence parasitism of forest caterpillars. Nature, 417(6885), 170–173.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Yin, J., Han, X., Cao, Y., & Lu, C. (2014). Surface wrinkling on polydimethylsiloxane microspheres via wet surface chemical oxidation. Scientific Reports, 4, 5710.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Reschetilowski, W. (2002). Technisch-Chemisches Praktikum. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH.

An edited book

Vassiliou, E. (2005). Geometry of Principal Sheaves (M. Hazewinkel, Ed.; Vol. 578). Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Tkachuk, N., Sokol, V., & Glukhovtsova, K. (2013). An Integrated Development Framework for Advanced IT-Service Management: Proof-of-Concept Project in Universities Domain. In V. Ermolayev, H. C. Mayr, M. Nikitchenko, A. Spivakovsky, & G. Zholtkevych (Eds.), Information and Communication Technologies in Education, Research, and Industrial Applications: 9th International Conference, ICTERI 2013, Kherson, Ukraine, June 19-22, 2013, Revised Selected Papers (pp. 50–69). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Educational Researcher.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2012, January 1). Wolves Were Domesticated Twice To Become Man’s Best Friend. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/wolves-domesticated-twice-become-mans-best-friend/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2009). Information Technology: Agencies Need to Improve the Implementation and Use of Earned Value Techniques to Help Manage Major System Acquisitions (GAO-10-2). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nasrollahzadeh, Y. (2013). Support group for caregivers of older adults affected by dementia: A grant proposal project [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Grynbaum, M. M., & Koblin, J. (2017, March 12). Liberals Tune In to TV Again, in Search of Communal Solace. New York Times, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mandavilli, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Chen & Goodman, 2004; Mandavilli, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Chen & Goodman, 2004)
Three authors: (Lill et al., 2002)
6 or more authors: (Yin et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Educational Researcher
Abbreviation	Educ. Res.
ISSN (print)	0013-189X
ISSN (online)	1935-102X
Scope	Education