How to format your references using the Education and Information Technologies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Education and Information Technologies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Martienssen, R. (2010). Molecular biology. Small RNA makes its move. Science (New York, N.Y.), 328(5980), 834–835.

A journal article with 2 authors

Süsstrunk, R., & Huber, S. D. (2015). PHYSICS. Observation of phononic helical edge states in a mechanical topological insulator. Science (New York, N.Y.), 349(6243), 47–50.

A journal article with 3 authors

Erol, V., Ozaydin, F., & Altintas, A. A. (2014). Analysis of entanglement measures and LOCC maximized quantum Fisher information of general two qubit systems. Scientific reports, 4, 5422.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Smolyaninova, V. N., Yost, B., Zander, K., Osofsky, M. S., Kim, H., Saha, S., et al. (2014). Experimental demonstration of superconducting critical temperature increase in electromagnetic metamaterials. Scientific reports, 4, 7321.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bush, J., Harris, D. M., & Parker, R. J. (2016). Cognitive Self Change. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Jue, T., & Masuda, K. (Eds.). (2013). Application of Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Biomedicine (Vol. 4). Boston, MA: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Sabe, M., & Heupler, F. (2013). Cardiac Output. In S. Anwaruddin, J. M. Martin, J. C. Stephens, & A. T. Askari (Eds.), Cardiovascular Hemodynamics: An Introductory Guide (pp. 65–73). Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Education and Information Technologies.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2014, June 13). Solar Storms Could Hit Earth This Friday 13th. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/solar-storms-could-hit-earth-friday-13th/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2007). Aviation Security: Risk, Experience, and Customer Concerns Drive Changes to Airline Passenger Screening Procedures, but Evaluation and Documentation of Proposed Changes Could Be Improved (No. GAO-07-634). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fonteix, K. A. (2013). Separate, But Not Equal: A Qualitative Case Study Comparing Traditional And Homebound Instruction Using Technology (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Novick, S. M. (2013, November 10). Local Bakeries Prepare for Holiday Overdrive. New York Times, p. LI10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Martienssen 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Martienssen 2010; Süsstrunk and Huber 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Süsstrunk and Huber 2015)
Three or more authors: (Smolyaninova et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Education and Information Technologies
Abbreviation	Educ. Inf. Technol.
ISSN (print)	1360-2357
ISSN (online)	1573-7608
Scope	Education Library and Information Sciences