How to format your references using the Education and Information Technologies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Education and Information Technologies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hynes, R. O. (2003). Structural biology. Changing partners. Science (New York, N.Y.), 300(5620), 755–756.

A journal article with 2 authors

Liu, R., & Lal, R. (2014). Synthetic apatite nanoparticles as a phosphorus fertilizer for soybean (Glycine max). Scientific reports, 4, 5686.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jacobson, M. Z., Colella, W. G., & Golden, D. M. (2005). Cleaning the air and improving health with hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles. Science (New York, N.Y.), 308(5730), 1901–1905.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Zhang, H.-P., Wu, Y., Liu, J., Jiang, J., Geng, X.-R., Yang, G., et al. (2013). TSP1-producing B cells show immune regulatory property and suppress allergy-related mucosal inflammation. Scientific reports, 3, 3345.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

da Silva, F. S. C., & Agustí-Cullell, J. (2005). Knowledge Coordination. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Santos Pereira, L. (2009). Coping with Water Scarcity: Addressing the Challenges. (I. Cordery & I. Iacovides, Eds.). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Naimpally, A., & Rosselot, K. S. (2013). Solid Waste. In K. S. Rosselot (Ed.), Environmental Engineering: Review for the Professional Engineering Examination (pp. 99–115). Boston, MA: Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Education and Information Technologies.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, July 7). Solar Impulse Completes Record-Breaking Flight to Hawaii. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2008). Information Technology: SSA Has Taken Key Steps for Managing Its Investments, but Needs to Strengthen Oversight and Fully Define Policies and Procedures (No. GAO-08-1020). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mueller, C. (2012). A Multidimensional Perspective of Faculty Mentoring and Job Satisfaction during the First Year of Teaching at Lindenwood University (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. John Kelly, E. (1996, June 19). At the Nation’s Table: Buffalo;Bottling the Secret Of the Wings. New York Times, p. C4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hynes 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Hynes 2003; Liu and Lal 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Liu and Lal 2014)
Three or more authors: (Zhang et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Education and Information Technologies
Abbreviation	Educ. Inf. Technol.
ISSN (print)	1360-2357
ISSN (online)	1573-7608
Scope	Education Library and Information Sciences