How to format your references using the Ecotoxicology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecotoxicology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rochelle GT (2009) Amine scrubbing for CO2 capture. Science 325:1652–1654

A journal article with 2 authors

Richie TL, Saul A (2002) Progress and challenges for malaria vaccines. Nature 415:694–701

A journal article with 3 authors

Sato T, Atomi H, Imanaka T (2007) Archaeal type III RuBisCOs function in a pathway for AMP metabolism. Science 315:1003–1006

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Schotte F, Lim M, Jackson TA, et al (2003) Watching a protein as it functions with 150-ps time-resolved x-ray crystallography. Science 300:1944–1947

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Knowles R (2012) 200 Contractual Problems and their Solutions. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Akella S, Amato NM, Huang WH, Mishra B (eds) (2008) Algorithmic Foundation of Robotics VII: Selected Contributions of the Seventh International Workshop on the Algorithmic Foundations of Robotics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Takikawa Y, Kuroda H, Sawara K (2016) The Brain and Liver. In: Ohira H (ed) The Liver in Systemic Diseases. Springer Japan, Tokyo, pp 51–75

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecotoxicology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Exposure To Stress As A Child Can Permanently Affect Your DNA. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/exposure-stress-child-can-permanently-affect-your-dna/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2009) Highway Trust Fund: Options for Improving Sustainability and Mechanisms to Manage Solvency. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Heatlie JM (2015) Effects of Simulation on Senior Nursing Students’ Patient Safety Competence: A Quantitative Study. Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shear MD, Liptak A (2017) Taking Up Case, Justices Let U.S. Start Travel Ban. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rochelle 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Richie and Saul 2002; Rochelle 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Richie and Saul 2002)
Three or more authors: (Schotte et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecotoxicology
Abbreviation	Ecotoxicology
ISSN (print)	0963-9292
ISSN (online)	1573-3017
Scope	Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law General Medicine Toxicology