How to format your references using the Economics of Transportation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Economics of Transportation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, P., 2003. Language lessons: Heidelberg. Nature 423, 364–365.

A journal article with 2 authors

Norris, D.J., Aydil, E.S., 2012. Materials science. Getting Moore from solar cells. Science 338, 625–626.

A journal article with 3 authors

Holland, N.D., Holland, L.Z., Holland, P.W.H., 2015. Scenarios for the making of vertebrates. Nature 520, 450–455.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Bortnik, J., Li, W., Thorne, R.M., Angelopoulos, V., Cully, C., Bonnell, J., Le Contel, O., Roux, A., 2009. An observation linking the origin of plasmaspheric hiss to discrete chorus emissions. Science 324, 775–778.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lane, C., 2011. Magnolia. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Jacko, J.A. (Ed.), 2011. Human-Computer Interaction. Towards Mobile and Intelligent Interaction Environments: 14th International Conference, HCI International 2011, Orlando, FL, USA, July 9-14, 2011, Proceedings, Part III, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Parpinelli, R.S., Lopes, H.S., 2012. Population Resizing Using Nonlinear Dynamics in an Ecology-Based Approach, in: Yin, H., Costa, J.A.F., Barreto, G. (Eds.), Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning - IDEAL 2012: 13th International Conference, Natal, Brazil, August 29-31, 2012. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 27–34.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Economics of Transportation.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. If A Solar Plant Uses Natural Gas, Is It Still Green? [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/environment/if-solar-plant-uses-natural-gas-it-still-green/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1989. Guaranteed Student Loans: Analysis of Student Default Rates at 7,800 Postsecondary Schools (No. HRD-89-63BR). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Herman, G.S., 2013. Terahertz local oscillator via difference frequency generation in iii-v semiconductors using frequency stabilized lasers (Doctoral dissertation). University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario, B., 2017. SoundCloud, Former Star In Streaming, Lays Off 173. New York Times B2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Norris and Aydil, 2012; Smaglik, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Norris and Aydil, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Bortnik et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Economics of Transportation
Abbreviation	Econ. Transp.
ISSN (print)	2212-0122
Scope	Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous) Transportation