How to format your references using the Annals of Tropical Paediatrics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Tropical Paediatrics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hutchinson J. Evolutionary developmental biology: Dynasty of the plastic fish. Nature. 2014 Sep 4;513(7516):37–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Joron M, Brakefield PM. Captivity masks inbreeding effects on male mating success in butterflies. Nature. 2003 Jul 10;424(6945):191–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gratson GM, Xu M, Lewis JA. Microperiodic structures: direct writing of three-dimensional webs. Nature. 2004 Mar 25;428(6981):386.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Dias A, Bouvier D, Crépin T, McCarthy AA, Hart DJ, Baudin F, et al. The cap-snatching endonuclease of influenza virus polymerase resides in the PA subunit. Nature. 2009 Apr 16;458(7240):914–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Delgado RLC, Araki M. Spoken, Multilingual and Multimodal Dialogue Systems. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

Sommer WH, Spanagel R, editors. Behavioral Neurobiology of Alcohol Addiction. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. XI, 727 p. 36 illus., 15 illus. in color. (Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences; vol. 13).

A chapter in an edited book

Harper BWJ, van Holst M, Aldrich-Wright J. Platinum(II) Intercalating Complexes Based on 2,2′:6′,2″-Terpyridine. In: Aldrich-Wright J, editor. Metallointercalators: Synthesis and Techniques to Probe Their Interactions with Biomolecules. Vienna: Springer; 2011. p. 101–28.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Tropical Paediatrics.

Blog post

Hamilton K. What Happens To The Plastic You Throw Away? [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/what-happens-plastic-you-throw-away/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Automatic Data Processing Activity in the Feed Materials Production Center, Fernald, Ohio. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1975 Nov. Report No.: 088725.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Okafor-Dike LC. The effect of leadership on economic development: A case study of Nigeria [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Benanav M. A Way of Life, Fading Away. New York Times. 2017 Aug 28;TR8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Tropical Paediatrics
Abbreviation	Ann. Trop. Paediatr.
ISSN (print)	0272-4936
ISSN (online)	1465-3281
Scope	Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health

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