How to format your references using the Annals of Tropical Paediatrics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Tropical Paediatrics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Taylor SR. Why can’t planets be like stars? Nature. 2004 Jul 29;430(6999):509.

A journal article with 2 authors

Grayson M, Pincock S. Nature Index 2015 Collaborations. Nature. 2015 Nov 12;527(7577):S49.

A journal article with 3 authors

Beerling DJ, Osborne CP, Chaloner WG. Evolution of leaf-form in land plants linked to atmospheric CO2 decline in the Late Palaeozoic era. Nature. 2001 Mar 15;410(6826):352–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

McKinney JD, Höner zu Bentrup K, Muñoz-Elías EJ, Miczak A, Chen B, Chan WT, et al. Persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages and mice requires the glyoxylate shunt enzyme isocitrate lyase. Nature. 2000 Aug 17;406(6797):735–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Equipment Testing Procedures Committee. Continuous Direct-Heat Rotary Dryers. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

Jin H, Rana OF, Pan Y, Prasanna VK, editors. Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing: 7th International Conference, ICA3PP 2007, Hangzhou, China, June 11-14, 2007. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. XIV, 514 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 4494).

A chapter in an edited book

Baronti M, De Mari F, van der Putten R, Venturi I. Limits of Functions. In: De Mari F, van der Putten R, Venturi I, editors. Calculus Problems. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 65–87. (UNITEXT).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Tropical Paediatrics.

Blog post

Andrew E. Dead Zebra Bursts a Fountain of Blood over a Hungry Leopard [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/watch-moment-dead-zebra-bursts-fountain-blood-over-hungry-leopard/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Next Generation Air Transportation System: Preliminary Analysis of Progress and Challenges Associated with the Transformation of the National Airspace System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2006 Jul. Report No.: GAO-06-915T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Purdy DW. Identifying Shallow Foundation Failure Modes and Mechanisms Using Surveillance of a Transparent Granular Soil Surrogate [Doctoral dissertation]. [Boca Raton, FL]: Florida Atlantic University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg B. Film Series. New York Times. 2017 Jul 13;C21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Tropical Paediatrics
Abbreviation	Ann. Trop. Paediatr.
ISSN (print)	0272-4936
ISSN (online)	1465-3281
Scope	Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health

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