How to format your references using the Economics Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Economics Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Buchenau, J., 2009. Global Darwin: Multicultural mergers. Nature 462, 284–285.

A journal article with 2 authors

Barbash, S., Soreq, H., 2013. Statistically invalid classification of high throughput gene expression data. Sci. Rep. 3, 1102.

A journal article with 3 authors

Moreno, M., Rosenau, M., Oncken, O., 2010. 2010 Maule earthquake slip correlates with pre-seismic locking of Andean subduction zone. Nature 467, 198–202.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Rowe, T., Ketcham, R.A., Denison, C., Colbert, M., Xu, X., Currie, P.J., 2001. Forensic palaeontology: The Archaeoraptor forgery. Nature 410, 539–540.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Speight, J.G., 2014. Handbook of Petroleum Product Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Icard, T., Muskens, R. (Eds.), 2010. Interfaces: Explorations in Logic, Language and Computation: ESSLLI 2008 and ESSLLI 2009 Student Sessions. Selected Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Bokemeyer, C., Seidel, C., 2015. Metastatic Germ Cell Cancer: The Intermediate-Prognosis Risk Category, in: Krege, S. (Ed.), Diagnosis and Management of Testicular Cancer: The European Point of View. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 55–64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Economics Letters.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. How Flossing Gave This Woman A Knee Infection [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/how-flossing-gave-woman-knee-infection/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2005. National Airspace System: Progress and Ongoing Challenges for the Air Traffic Organization (No. GAO-05-485T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zelaya, G.S., 2012. Hopelessness and diabetes: Do Hispanic diabetic patients feel less hopeless eating fruits, vegetables and exercising regularly? (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines, G.G., 2017. Funny, but Not Funny Enough for The New Yorker. New York Times C17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Buchenau, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Barbash and Soreq, 2013; Buchenau, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Barbash and Soreq, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Rowe et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Economics Letters
Abbreviation	Econ. Lett.
ISSN (print)	0165-1765
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Finance