How to format your references using the Economics Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Economics Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Coppi, P., 2007. Astronomy. Inside a cosmic train wreck. Science 316, 1852–1854.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jones, J.D.G., Dangl, J.L., 2006. The plant immune system. Nature 444, 323–329.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gambetta, M.C., Oktaba, K., Müller, J., 2009. Essential role of the glycosyltransferase sxc/Ogt in polycomb repression. Science 325, 93–96.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Sunshine, J.M., Farnham, T.L., Feaga, L.M., Groussin, O., Merlin, F., Milliken, R.E., A’Hearn, M.F., 2009. Temporal and spatial variability of lunar hydration as observed by the Deep Impact spacecraft. Science 326, 565–568.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Anderson, J., Gaare, M., Holguín, J., Bailey, N., Pratley, T., 2016. Professional Clojure. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

An edited book

Vazquez, R., 2008. Control of Turbulent and Magnetohydrodynamic Channel Flows: Boundary Stabilization and State Estimation, Systems&Control: Foundations&Applications. Birkhäuser, Boston, MA.

A chapter in an edited book

Dabbagh, N., Benson, A.D., Denham, A., Joseph, R., Al-Freih, M., Zgheib, G., Fake, H., Guo, Z., 2016. Augmented Reality, in: Benson, A.D., Denham, A., Joseph, R., Al-Freih, M., Zgheib, G., Fake, H., Guo, Z. (Eds.), Learning Technologies and Globalization: Pedagogical Frameworks and Applications, SpringerBriefs in Educational Communications and Technology. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 27–30.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Economics Letters.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. Iodine Clock Reaction Will Dazzle You [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/iodine-clock-reaction-pretty-damn-awesome/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2003. Aviation Safety: FAA Needs to Update Curriculum and Certification Requirements for Aviation Mechanics (No. GAO-03-317). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Reese, N.E., 2015. The Ecomorphology of White-tailed Deer Lower Limb Bones Through the Holocene in Central North America (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Park, L.S., 2011. No Safe Place. New York Times BR16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Coppi, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Coppi, 2007; Jones and Dangl, 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Jones and Dangl, 2006)
Three or more authors: (Sunshine et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Economics Letters
Abbreviation	Econ. Lett.
ISSN (print)	0165-1765
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Finance