How to format your references using the Economic Modelling citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Economic Modelling. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

O’Keeffe, M., 2002. Edge effects. Nature 419, 28–29.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bednarek, P., Osbourn, A., 2009. Plant-microbe interactions: chemical diversity in plant defense. Science 324, 746–748.

A journal article with 3 authors

Stracker, T.H., Carson, C.T., Weitzman, M.D., 2002. Adenovirus oncoproteins inactivate the Mre11-Rad50-NBS1 DNA repair complex. Nature 418, 348–352.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Dostert, C., Pétrilli, V., Van Bruggen, R., Steele, C., Mossman, B.T., Tschopp, J., 2008. Innate immune activation through Nalp3 inflammasome sensing of asbestos and silica. Science 320, 674–677.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Morrow, E., Boaz, A., Brearley, S., Ross, F., 2011. Handbook of Service User Involvement in Nursing and Healthcare Research. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Sivanandam, S.N., 2008. Introduction to Genetic Algorithms. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

De, S., Bhattacharyya, S., Chakraborty, S., Dutta, P., 2016. Self-supervised Grey Level Image Segmentation Using Multi-Objective-Based Optimised MUSIG (OptiMUSIG) Activation Function, in: Bhattacharyya, S., Chakraborty, S., Dutta, P. (Eds.), Hybrid Soft Computing for Multilevel Image and Data Segmentation, Computational Intelligence Methods and Applications. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 125–152.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Economic Modelling.

Blog post

Andrews, R., 2016. Why Is Mount St. Helens In The Wrong Place? [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/environment/mount-st-helens-wrong-place/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2006. Information Technology: Status and Challenges of Employee Exchange Program (No. GAO-07-216). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lee, E.B., 2017. Environmental Thyroid Endocrine Disruption in Shiner Perch (Cymatogaster aggregata): An Analysis of Thyroid Glandular Function (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M., 2014. Wozniacki Is Lining Up for New York Marathon. New York Times B13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (O’Keeffe, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Bednarek and Osbourn, 2009; O’Keeffe, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bednarek and Osbourn, 2009)
Three or more authors: (Dostert et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Economic Modelling
Abbreviation	Econ. Model.
ISSN (print)	0264-9993
Scope	Economics and Econometrics