How to format your references using the Case Studies in Engineering Failure Analysis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Case Studies in Engineering Failure Analysis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Gravitz L. Prevention: Tending the gut. Nature 2015;521:S6-8.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Lewis CL, Coffroth MA. The acquisition of exogenous algal symbionts by an octocoral after bleaching. Science 2004;304:1490–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Maurya SR, Chaturvedi D, Mahalakshmi R. Modulating lipid dynamics and membrane fluidity to drive rapid folding of a transmembrane barrel. Sci Rep 2013;3:1989.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Mereuta L, Roy M, Asandei A, Lee JK, Park Y, Andricioaei I, et al. Slowing down single-molecule trafficking through a protein nanopore reveals intermediates for peptide translocation. Sci Rep 2014;4:3885.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Chin DA. Water-Quality Engineering in Natural Systems. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2006.

An edited book

[1]

Goossens N, Clément S, Negro F, editors. Handbook of Hepatitis C. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Gaševic D, Djuric D, Devedžic V. Modeling Spaces. In: Djuric D, Ga¿evic D, editors. Model Driven Engineering and Ontology Development, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009, p. 157–73.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Case Studies in Engineering Failure Analysis.

Blog post

[1]

Carpineti A. Modeling The Ancient Earth To Study Exoplanets. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/space/modeling-the-ancient-earth-to-study-exoplanets/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Trends in State Capital Investment in Highways, an E-supplement to GAO-03-744R. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Blackwell PK. Timbre Fantasy: An Analysis on Coloristic Choices in John Corigliano’s Etude Fantasy. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Williams J. Celebrating Two Centuries of Thoreau. New York Times 2017:BR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Case Studies in Engineering Failure Analysis
Abbreviation	Case Stud. Eng. Fail. Anal.
ISSN (print)	2213-2902
Scope	Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality

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