How to format your references using the Ecological Entomology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecological Entomology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kadanoff, L.P. (2013) Kenneth Geddes Wilson (1936-2013). Nature, 500, 30.

A journal article with 2 authors

Getz, W.M. & Lloyd-Smith, J.O. (2006) Comment on “On the regulation of populations of mammals, birds, fish, and insects” I. Science (New York, N.Y.), 311, 1100; author reply 1100.

A journal article with 3 authors

Agarwala, S., Sanders, T.A. & Ragsdale, C.W. (2001) Sonic hedgehog control of size and shape in midbrain pattern formation. Science (New York, N.Y.), 291, 2147–2150.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Yarrow, K., Haggard, P., Heal, R., Brown, P. & Rothwell, J.C. (2001) Illusory perceptions of space and time preserve cross-saccadic perceptual continuity. Nature, 414, 302–305.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wong, K.D. (2011) Fundamentals of Wireless Communication Engineering Technologies. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Obukhovskii, V. (2013) Method of Guiding Functions in Problems of Nonlinear Analysis. Lecture Notes in Mathematics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Lauro, A. (2016) Suspect Cities and the (Re)Making of Colonial Order: Urbanization, Security Anxieties and Police Reforms in Postwar Congo (1945–1960). In Policing New Risks in Modern European History (ed. by Campion, J. & Rousseaux, X.). Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, pp. 57–85.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecological Entomology.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2015) Cuckoo Finches Spend Their Whole Lives Disguised As Other Birds [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/cuckoo-finches-make-disguise-whole-life-activity/ [accessed on 14 June 2015].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2011) Information Technology: Continued Attention Needed to Accurately Report Federal Spending and Improve Management ( No. GAO-11-831T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ware, S.C. (2014) Alcohol consumption and breast cancer risk in older women: A modifiable lifestyle risk factor (Doctoral dissertation).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Otis, J. (2017) Staring Down Homelessness With a Wayfaring Spirit. New York Times, A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kadanoff, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Getz & Lloyd-Smith, 2006; Kadanoff, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Getz & Lloyd-Smith, 2006)
Three or more authors: (Yarrow et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecological Entomology
Abbreviation	Ecol. Entomol.
ISSN (print)	0307-6946
ISSN (online)	1365-2311
Scope	Insect Science Ecology