How to format your references using the Ecological Entomology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecological Entomology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Vunjak-Novakovic, G. (2015) Cardiac biology: A protein for healing infarcted hearts. Nature, 525, 461–462.

A journal article with 2 authors

An, S.J. & Almers, W. (2004) Tracking SNARE complex formation in live endocrine cells. Science (New York, N.Y.), 306, 1042–1046.

A journal article with 3 authors

Houchmandzadeh, B., Wieschaus, E. & Leibler, S. (2002) Establishment of developmental precision and proportions in the early Drosophila embryo. Nature, 415, 798–802.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Howell, S.M., Fiacco, S.V., Takahashi, T.T., Jalali-Yazdi, F., Millward, S.W., Hu, B., et al. (2014) Serum stable natural peptides designed by mRNA display. Scientific reports, 4, 6008.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Blumberg, L.M. (2010) Temperature-Programmed Gas Chromatography. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany.

An edited book

Iyoda, J. & Moura, L. de (Eds.). (2013) Formal Methods: Foundations and Applications: 16th Brazilian Symposium, SBMF 2013, Brasilia, Brazil, September 29 - October 4, 2013, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Kunche, P. & Reddy, K.V.V.S. (2016) Speech Enhancement Approach Based on Accelerated Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO). In Metaheuristic Applications to Speech Enhancement, SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering (ed. by Reddy, K.V.V.S.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 39–60.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecological Entomology.

Blog post

Hamilton, K. (2016) Three Ways Facebook Could Reduce Fake News Without Resorting To Censorship [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/technology/three-ways-facebook-could-reduce-fake-news-without-resorting-to-censorship/ [accessed on 6 December 2016].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1989) Tactical Airlift: Issues Concerning Air Force Plans for Pacific Distribution System ( No. NSIAD-89-81). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Jones, E. (2019) Leadership Practices in K-12 Public Schools for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Students: A Qualitative Study (Doctoral dissertation).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Oestreich, J.R. (2017) Seeking Strength in Numbers. New York Times, C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Vunjak-Novakovic, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (An & Almers, 2004; Vunjak-Novakovic, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (An & Almers, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Howell et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecological Entomology
Abbreviation	Ecol. Entomol.
ISSN (print)	0307-6946
ISSN (online)	1365-2311
Scope	Insect Science Ecology