How to format your references using the Ecological Economics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecological Economics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Taylor, M., 2011. Reform the PhD system or close it down. Nature 472, 261.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gatfield, D., Schibler, U., 2007. Physiology. Proteasomes keep the circadian clock ticking. Science 316, 1135–1136.

A journal article with 3 authors

Martianov, I., Viville, S., Davidson, I., 2002. RNA polymerase II transcription in murine cells lacking the TATA binding protein. Science 298, 1036–1039.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Luecke, H., Schobert, B., Lanyi, J.K., Spudich, E.N., Spudich, J.L., 2001. Crystal structure of sensory rhodopsin II at 2.4 angstroms: insights into color tuning and transducer interaction. Science 293, 1499–1503.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Crighton, D.A., Towl, G.J., 2009. Psychology in Prisons. BPS Blackwell, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Dai, W. (Ed.), 2008. Checkpoint Responses in Cancer Therapy, Cancer Drug Discovery and Development•. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ.

A chapter in an edited book

Arienzo, A., 2016. Introduction, in: Santoianni, F. (Ed.), The Concept of Time in Early Twentieth-Century Philosophy: A Philosophical Thematic Atlas, Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 29–33.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecological Economics.

Blog post

Andrew, D., 2016. What On Earth Are They Doing To Our Chocolate Bars? [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1989. Federal Research: The SEMATECH Consortium’s Start-up Activities (No. RCED-90-37). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Williams, K., 2014. Riot Bias: A Textual Analysis of Pussy Riot’s Coverage in Russian and American Media (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Philipps, D., 2017. ‘I Would Love for My President to Meet Me.’ New York Times A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Taylor, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Gatfield and Schibler, 2007; Taylor, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gatfield and Schibler, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Luecke et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecological Economics
Abbreviation	Ecol. Econ.
ISSN (print)	0921-8009
Scope	Economics and Econometrics General Environmental Science