How to format your references using the Ecological Economics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecological Economics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Craighead, H., 2006. Future lab-on-a-chip technologies for interrogating individual molecules. Nature 442, 387–393.

A journal article with 2 authors

Blander, J.M., Medzhitov, R., 2004. Regulation of phagosome maturation by signals from toll-like receptors. Science 304, 1014–1018.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chalasani, R., Gupta, A., Vasudevan, S., 2013. Engineering new layered solids from exfoliated inorganics: a periodically alternating hydrotalcite-montmorillonite layered hybrid. Sci. Rep. 3, 3498.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Schroder, A., Aeppli, G., Coldea, R., Adams, M., Stockert, O., v. Lohneysen H, Bucher, E., Ramazashvili, R., Coleman, P., 2000. Onset of antiferromagnetism in heavy-fermion metals. Nature 407, 351–355.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Olsson, A., 2005. Understanding Changing Telecommunications. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Garber, P.A., Estrada, A., Bicca-Marques, J.C., Heymann, E.W., Strier, K.B. (Eds.), 2009. South American Primates: Comparative Perspectives in the Study of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation, Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Wang, V., 2015. Art, Research and Society: New Ecology: The Affective Power, in: Bast, G., Carayannis, E.G., Campbell, D.F.J. (Eds.), Arts, Research, Innovation and Society. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 75–99.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecological Economics.

Blog post

Andrew, D., 2016. Meet Lidar: The Amazing Laser Technology That’s Helping Archaeologists Discover Lost Cities [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/environment/meet-lidar-the-amazing-laser-technology-thats-helping-archaeologists-discover-lost-cities/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1986. Telephone Communications: Bypass of the Local Telephone Companies (No. RCED-86-66). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Horning, C.L., 2017. Kinesthetic learning in algebra and its effects on students’ achievement and disposition toward mathemathics (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Marx, L., 2015. That Gravy Boat Has Sailed. New York Times ST10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Craighead, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Blander and Medzhitov, 2004; Craighead, 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Blander and Medzhitov, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Schroder et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecological Economics
Abbreviation	Ecol. Econ.
ISSN (print)	0921-8009
Scope	Economics and Econometrics General Environmental Science