How to format your references using the Ecography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Moolgavkar, S. H. 2000. Consideration of copollutants. - Science 290: 453d.

A journal article with 2 authors

Catterall, W. A. and Scott, J. D. 2010. Retrospective. Edwin G. Krebs (1918-2009). - Science 327: 537.

A journal article with 3 authors

Eggenschwiler, J. T. et al. 2001. Rab23 is an essential negative regulator of the mouse Sonic hedgehog signalling pathway. - Nature 412: 194–198.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Schiller, D. et al. 2010. Preventing the return of fear in humans using reconsolidation update mechanisms. - Nature 463: 49–53.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sedlacek, H. H. et al. 2008. Ways to Successful Strategies in Drug Research and Development. - Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH.

An edited book

2009. Reputation Capital: Building and Maintaining Trust in the 21st Century (J Klewes and R Wreschniok, Eds.). - Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Xie, H. et al. 2012. Teleoperation Based AFM Manipulation Control. - In: Onal, C. et al. (eds), Atomic Force Microscopy Based Nanorobotics: Modelling, Simulation, Setup Building and Experiments. Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics. Springer, pp. 145–235.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecography.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. 2016. Light Spectrum Of Antimatter Observed For The First Time, And It Looks Like Regular Matter. - IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 2000. Gender Equity: Men’s and Women’s Participation in Higher Education.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hintz, L. 2015. Fighting for Us, Inside and Out: National Identity Contestation and Foreign Policy in Turkey.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin, J. 2016. Jane Pauley to Anchor CBS’s ‘Sunday Morning.’ - New York Times: B2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Moolgavkar 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Moolgavkar 2000, Catterall and Scott 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Catterall and Scott 2010)
Three or more authors: (Schiller et al. 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecography
Abbreviation	Ecography (Cop.)
ISSN (print)	0906-7590
ISSN (online)	1600-0587
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics