How to format your references using the Ecography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chapman, T. 2003. Seeing is believing. - Nature 425: 867–873.

A journal article with 2 authors

Reznick, D. N. and Ricklefs, R. E. 2009. Darwin’s bridge between microevolution and macroevolution. - Nature 457: 837–842.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mancini, G., Ferrari, P. F. and Palagi, E. 2013. Rapid facial mimicry in geladas. - Sci. Rep. 3: 1527.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Pizzorusso, T., Medini, P., Berardi, N., Chierzi, S., Fawcett, J. W. and Maffei, L. 2002. Reactivation of ocular dominance plasticity in the adult visual cortex. - Science 298: 1248–1251.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smith, R. E., Carraher, E. and DeLisle, P. 2017. Leading Collaborative Architectural Practice. - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

2016. The Palgrave Handbook of Economics and Language (V Ginsburgh and S Weber, Eds.). - Palgrave Macmillan UK.

A chapter in an edited book

Klein, J. A., Lee, F. T., Hinshaw, J. L., Lubner, M. G. and Brace, C. L. 2013. Overview of Thermal Ablation Devices: Microwave. - In: Clark, T. and Sabharwal, T. (eds), Interventional Radiology Techniques in Ablation. Springer, pp. 21–28.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecography.

Blog post

Andrew, D. 2016. Does Taking Antidepressants During Pregnancy Harm The Child? Here Are The Facts. - IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 1980. Comments on Claim Against Mississippi for Disallowed Educational Grant Expenditures.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gilbert, C. 2017. Factors Associated With Dietetic Interns’ Knowledge of Sodium and the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Ryerson, J. 2017. University Presses. - New York Times: BR27.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Chapman 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Chapman 2003, Reznick and Ricklefs 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Reznick and Ricklefs 2009)
Three or more authors: (Pizzorusso et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecography
Abbreviation	Ecography (Cop.)
ISSN (print)	0906-7590
ISSN (online)	1600-0587
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics