How to format your references using the Ecography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Molnar, P. 2011. Jack oliver (1923-2011). - Nature 470: 176.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lu, Q. and Lemke, G. 2001. Homeostatic regulation of the immune system by receptor tyrosine kinases of the Tyro 3 family. - Science 293: 306–311.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hembacher, S., Giessibl, F. J. and Mannhart, J. 2004. Force microscopy with light-atom probes. - Science 305: 380–383.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Chen, W. J., Zheng, Y., Xiong, W. M., Feng, X., Wang, B. and Wang, Y. 2014. Effect of mechanical loads on stability of nanodomains in ferroelectric ultrathin films: towards flexible erasing of the non-volatile memories. - Sci. Rep. 4: 5339.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bishop, C. A. 2015. Roll-to-Roll Vacuum Deposition of Barrier Coatings. - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

2013. Genitourinary Radiology: Male Genital Tract, Adrenal and Retroperitoneum: The Pathologic Basis (VS Dogra and GT MacLennan, Eds.). - Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Andersson, A. W., Jansson, A., Sandblad, B. and Tschirner, S. 2014. Recognizing Complexity: Visualization for Skilled Professionals in Complex Work Situations. - In: Ebert, A. et al. (eds), Building Bridges: HCI, Visualization, and Non-formal Modeling: IFIP WG 13.7 Workshops on Human–Computer Interaction and Visualization: 7th HCIV@ECCE 2011, Rostock, Germany, August 23, 2011, and 8th HCIV@INTERACT 2011, Lisbon, Portugal, September 5, 2011, Revised Selected Papers. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, pp. 47–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecography.

Blog post

Fang, J. 2015. Why Some Female Birds Are Just As Colorful As The Males. - IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 2006. Highway Trust Fund: Overview of Highway Trust Fund Estimates.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ramirez, E. Y. 2015. Barriers to access to health care among Latino immigrants in the United States: A quantitative study.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M. W. 2010. Maine Giving Social Security Another Look. - New York Times: A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Molnar 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Lu and Lemke 2001, Molnar 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lu and Lemke 2001)
Three or more authors: (Chen et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecography
Abbreviation	Ecography (Cop.)
ISSN (print)	0906-7590
ISSN (online)	1600-0587
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics