How to format your references using the Ecography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stone, R. 2000. EASTERN EUROPE: Help Needed to Rebuild Science in Yugoslavia. - Science 290: 690–695.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tabin, C. J. and McMahon, A. P. 2008. Developmental biology. Grasping limb patterning. - Science 321: 350–352.

A journal article with 3 authors

Koschowitz, M.-C., Fischer, C. and Sander, M. 2014. Evolution. Beyond the rainbow. - Science 346: 416–418.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Hetzinger, S., Halfar, J., Zack, T., Mecking, J. V., Kunz, B. E., Jacob, D. E. and Adey, W. H. 2013. Coralline algal barium as indicator for 20th century northwestern North Atlantic surface ocean freshwater variability. - Sci. Rep. 3: 1761.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Robson Wright, M. 2005. An Introduction to Chemical Kinetics. - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Kumar, S. 2014. Deregulation and Efficiency of Indian Banks (R Gulati, Ed.). - Springer India.

A chapter in an edited book

Barni, M., Bernaschi, M., Lazzeretti, R., Pignata, T. and Sabellico, A. 2014. Parallel Implementation of GC-Based MPC Protocols in the Semi-Honest Setting. - In: Garcia-Alfaro, J. et al. (eds), Data Privacy Management and Autonomous Spontaneous Security: 8th International Workshop, DPM 2013, and 6th International Workshop, SETOP 2013, Egham, UK, September 12-13, 2013, Revised Selected Papers. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, pp. 66–82.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecography.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. 2015. Building Blocks Of Life Found Under The Seafloor. - IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 1971. Contracts Awarded by the Social and Rehabilitation Service of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare on a Noncompetitive Basis.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mendez, H. 2009. Examination of friendship and burnout among child welfare workers.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dorman, J. L. 2017. Damien Chazelle on Los Angeles and Its Charms. - New York Times: TR2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Stone 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Stone 2000, Tabin and McMahon 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tabin and McMahon 2008)
Three or more authors: (Hetzinger et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecography
Abbreviation	Ecography (Cop.)
ISSN (print)	0906-7590
ISSN (online)	1600-0587
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics