How to format your references using the Ecography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Shear, W. A. 2000. Jane Gray (1929-2000). - Nature 405: 34.

A journal article with 2 authors

Richards-Kortum, R. and Oden, M. 2013. Engineering. Devices for low-resource health care. - Science 342: 1055–1057.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sparks, R. S. J., Biggs, J. and Neuberg, J. W. 2012. Geophysics. Monitoring volcanoes. - Science 335: 1310–1311.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zheng, J., Wang, L., Quhe, R., Liu, Q., Li, H., Yu, D., Mei, W.-N., Shi, J., Gao, Z. and Lu, J. 2013. Sub-10 nm gate length graphene transistors: operating at terahertz frequencies with current saturation. - Sci. Rep. 3: 1314.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Köhler, A. and Bässler, H. 2015. Electronic Processes in Organic Semiconductors. - Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

2012. Digital Forensics and Watermarking: 10th International Workshop, IWDW 2011, Atlantic City, NY, October 23-26, 2011, Revised Selected Papers (YQ Shi, H-J Kim, and F Perez-Gonzalez, Eds.). - Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Heilmann, C. and Francis, N. 2007. Spoiled for Choice—What the Web Offers You. - In: Francis, M. N. (ed), Web Development Solutions: Ajax, APIs, Libraries, and Hosted Services Made Easy. Apress, pp. 75–92.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecography.

Blog post

Hale, T. 2015. Burger King’s Halloween Burger Does Something Scary To Your Poop. - IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 1998. Intercity Passenger Rail: Financial Performance of Amtrak’s Routes.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ray, S. J. 2017. Departmentalized Classroom Environments Versus Traditional Classroom Environments in Second Through Fourth Grades: A Quantitative Analysis.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gorman, J. 2016. Sciencetake; Hungry Bumble Bees Buzz for Their Suppers. - New York Times: D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Shear 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Shear 2000, Richards-Kortum and Oden 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Richards-Kortum and Oden 2013)
Three or more authors: (Zheng et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecography
Abbreviation	Ecography (Cop.)
ISSN (print)	0906-7590
ISSN (online)	1600-0587
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics