How to format your references using the EClinicalMedicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for EClinicalMedicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Moffatt HK. Euler’s disk and its finite-time singularity. Nature 2000;404:833–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Noudoost B, Moore T. Control of visual cortical signals by prefrontal dopamine. Nature 2011;474:372–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Bhavsar AP, Guttman JA, Finlay BB. Manipulation of host-cell pathways by bacterial pathogens. Nature 2007;449:827–34.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Algra RE, Verheijen MA, Borgström MT, Feiner L-F, Immink G, van Enckevort WJP, et al. Twinning superlattices in indium phosphide nanowires. Nature 2008;456:369–72.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Marroni L, Perdomo I. Pricing and Hedging Financial Derivatives. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Cao J, Yang LT, Guo M, Lau F, editors. Parallel and Distributed Processing and Applications: Second International Symposium, ISPA 2004, Hong Kong, China, December 13-15, 2004. Proceedings. vol. 3358. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Farage MA, Miller KW, Maibach HI. Degenerative Changes in Aging Skin. In: Farage MA, Miller KW, Maibach HI, editors. Textbook of Aging Skin, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010, p. 25–35.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for EClinicalMedicine.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. Martian Crater And Blast Zone Formed In The Last Three Years. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/space/martian-crater-and-blast-zone-formed-in-the-last-three-years/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. General Government Information Systems Issue Area: Active Assignments. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Bailey SM. Content Assessment in Intelligent Computer-Aided Language Learning: Meaning Error Diagnosis for English as a Second Language. Doctoral dissertation. Ohio State University, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Shear MD, Baker P. Saudis Welcome Trump’s Rebuff Of Obama’s Views. New York Times 2017:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	EClinicalMedicine
ISSN (print)	2589-5370
Scope

Research and Writing Guides