How to format your references using the EClinicalMedicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for EClinicalMedicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Aubret F. Heart rates increase after hatching in two species of Natricine snakes. Sci Rep 2013;3:3384.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Sprent J, Tough DF. T cell death and memory. Science 2001;293:245–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Lunshof JE, Church GM, Prainsack B. Information access. Raw personal data: providing access. Science 2014;343:373–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Liu Y, Granet D, Lin H, Baxter S, Ouyang H, Zhu J, et al. Liu et al. reply. Nature 2018;556:E3–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Mack I. Energy Trading and Risk Management. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Bosserhoff A, editor. Melanoma Development: Molecular Biology, Genetics and Clinical Application. Vienna: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Sullivan P, Clarke D, Clarke B. Using Purposeful Representational Tasks. In: Clarke D, Clarke B, editors. Teaching with Tasks for Effective Mathematics Learning, New York, NY: Springer; 2013, p. 23–37.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for EClinicalMedicine.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. 1500-Year-Old Amulet With Palindrome Inscription Discovered In Cyprus. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/1500-year-old-amulet-palindrome-inscription-discovered-cyprus/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Air Force Decision Not To Purchase Certain Automatic Data Processing Equipment Located at Its Environmental Technical Applications Center, Washington, D.C. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1972.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Ziegler RT. The Impact of Strategic Planning Involvement on Employee Engagement in a Federal Public Health Agency. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Mcbride K. When It’s O.K. to Pay for a Story. New York Times 2015:A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	EClinicalMedicine
ISSN (print)	2589-5370
Scope