How to format your references using the EClinicalMedicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for EClinicalMedicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Murzin AG. Biochemistry. Metamorphic proteins. Science 2008;320:1725–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

de Vernal A, Hillaire-Marcel C. Natural variability of Greenland climate, vegetation, and ice volume during the past million years. Science 2008;320:1622–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Sun BK, Siprashvili Z, Khavari PA. Advances in skin grafting and treatment of cutaneous wounds. Science 2014;346:941–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Shanahan TM, Overpeck JT, Anchukaitis KJ, Beck JW, Cole JE, Dettman DL, et al. Atlantic forcing of persistent drought in West Africa. Science 2009;324:377–80.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Young MR. Financial Fraud Prevention and Detection. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Caquard S, Vaughan L, Cartwright W, editors. Mapping Environmental Issues in the City: Arts and Cartography Cross Perspectives. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Buragga K, Dhir A, Boreqqah AA. Facebook an Open Education Platform: Exploring Its Educational Uses. In: Stephanidis C, editor. HCI International 2013 - Posters’ Extended Abstracts: International Conference, HCI International 2013, Las Vegas, NV, USA, July 21-26, 2013, Proceedings, Part II, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013, p. 18–22.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for EClinicalMedicine.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Take College And University Courses Online Completely Free. IFLScience 2013. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/take-college-and-university-courses-online-completely-free/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Transportation Infrastructure: Implementation of Funding Flexibility Under ISTEA and Use of Transportation Control Measures. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Robertson M. Respite efficacy for parents of adults with intellectual disabilities: An ethnographic perspective. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Gorman J. Donkeys: The Facts. New York Times 2016:D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	EClinicalMedicine
ISSN (print)	2589-5370
Scope