How to format your references using the Earthquake Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Earthquake Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Freeman KH (2009) Journal club. A biogeochemist ponders muddy molecules and past climates. Nature 462:701

A journal article with 2 authors

Buesseler KO, Boyd PW (2003) Climate change. Will ocean fertilization work? Science 300:67–68

A journal article with 3 authors

Rao CV, Wolf DM, Arkin AP (2002) Control, exploitation and tolerance of intracellular noise. Nature 420:231–237

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Fernandez J, Yang KT, Cornwell KM, et al (2013) Growth in rice cells requires de novo purine biosynthesis by the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Sci Rep 3:2398

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wiedenmannott W (2016) Industrielle Wasseraufbereitung. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Bal PM, Kooij DTAM, Rousseau DM (eds) (2015) Aging Workers and the Employee-Employer Relationship. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Mccloud JS (2016) “Were You There?” In: Tilley-Lubbs GA, Calva SB (eds) Re-Telling Our Stories: Critical Autoethnographic Narratives. SensePublishers, Rotterdam, pp 69–84

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Earthquake Science.

Blog post

Andrews R (2016) World’s Largest Megaraptor Was Nothing Short Of Terrifying. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/worlds-largest-megaraptor-nothing-short-terrifying/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1994) Local Tax Abatement. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ready C (2014) Preventing childhood obesity in foster children: A grant proposal. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gregory Mankiw N (2016) A Better Way to Grade Presidents. New York Times BU5

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Freeman 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Buesseler and Boyd 2003; Freeman 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Buesseler and Boyd 2003)
Three or more authors: (Fernandez et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Earthquake Science
Abbreviation	Earthq. Sci.
ISSN (print)	1674-4519
ISSN (online)	1867-8777
Scope	Geology Geophysics Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology