How to format your references using the Earthquake Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Earthquake Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Deech R (2008) 30 years: from IVF to stem cells. Nature 454:280–281

A journal article with 2 authors

Sung S, Amasino RM (2004) Vernalization in Arabidopsis thaliana is mediated by the PHD finger protein VIN3. Nature 427:159–164

A journal article with 3 authors

Arnarez C, Marrink SJ, Periole X (2013) Identification of cardiolipin binding sites on cytochrome c oxidase at the entrance of proton channels. Sci Rep 3:1263

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Abooali M, Lall GS, Coughlan K, et al (2014) Crucial involvement of xanthine oxidase in the intracellular signalling networks associated with human myeloid cell function. Sci Rep 4:6307

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Good PI (2005) Introduction to Statistics through Resampling Methods and R/S-Plus®. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Gulbins E, Petrache I (eds) (2013) Sphingolipids: Basic Science and Drug Development. Springer, Vienna

A chapter in an edited book

Colley S (2012) Archaeological Field Schools and Fieldwork Practice in an Australian Context. In: Mytum H (ed) Global Perspectives on Archaeological Field Schools: Constructions of Knowledge and Experience. Springer, New York, NY, pp 61–81

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Earthquake Science.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J (2015) This Is How SpaceX Plans To Land On Mars. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/how-spacex-plans-land-mars/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2009) Applying Agreed-Upon Procedures: Fiscal Year 2009 Airport and Airway Trust Fund Excise Taxes. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kino MY (2015) My Concierge MD, Inc. a business plan. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L (2008) College Where $5 Million Makes a Difference. New York Times LI2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Deech 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Sung and Amasino 2004; Deech 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sung and Amasino 2004)
Three or more authors: (Abooali et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Earthquake Science
Abbreviation	Earthq. Sci.
ISSN (print)	1674-4519
ISSN (online)	1867-8777
Scope	Geology Geophysics Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology