How to format your references using the Earth-Science Reviews citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Earth-Science Reviews. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Larson, R.G., 2007. Biophysics. Going with the flow. Science 318, 57–58.

A journal article with 2 authors

Steiner, G., Salvini-Plawen, L., 2001. Acaenoplax--polychaete or mollusc? Nature 414, 601–2; discussion 602.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zwieniecki, M.A., Melcher, P.J., Michele Holbrook, N.M., 2001. Hydrogel control of xylem hydraulic resistance in plants. Science 291, 1059–1062.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Manzano, G., Galve, F., Giorgi, G.L., Hernández-García, E., Zambrini, R., 2013. Synchronization, quantum correlations and entanglement in oscillator networks. Sci. Rep. 3, 1439.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fisher, H.G., Forrest, H.S., Grossel, S.S., Huff, J.E., Muller, A.R., Noronha, J.A., Shaw, D.A., Tilley, B.J., 1993. Emergency Relief System Design Using DIERS Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Parkin, G. (Ed.), 2010. Metal-Metal Bonding, Structure and Bonding. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Karlsson, H., Kontush, A., James, R.W., 2015. Functionality of HDL: Antioxidation and Detoxifying Effects, in: von Eckardstein, A., Kardassis, D. (Eds.), High Density Lipoproteins: From Biological Understanding to Clinical Exploitation, Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 207–228.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Earth-Science Reviews.

Blog post

Davis, J., 2017. Well-Meaning New Zealander’s Are Killing Endangered Birds By Accident [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/wellmeaning-new-zealanders-are-killing-endangered-birds-by-accident/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2016. Federally Leased Vehicles: Agencies Should Strengthen Assessment Processes to Reduce Underutilized Vehicles (No. GAO-16-136). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wenger, M.C., 2011. Free-choice family learning experiences at informal astronomy observing events (Doctoral dissertation). University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, K., 2011. No Frills, Just Sweet Treats. New York Times NJ9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Larson, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Larson, 2007; Steiner and Salvini-Plawen, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Steiner and Salvini-Plawen, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Manzano et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Earth-Science Reviews
Abbreviation	Earth Sci. Rev.
ISSN (print)	0012-8252
Scope	General Earth and Planetary Sciences