How to format your references using the Earth, Planets and Space citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Earth, Planets and Space. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Macilwain C (2000) Physicists celebrate detection of elusive “final” particle. Nature 406:334

A journal article with 2 authors

Gascon C, Smith ML (2004) Ecology. Where rivers meet. Science 305:1922–1923

A journal article with 3 authors

Holman KT, Pivovar AM, Ward MD (2001) Engineering crystal symmetry and polar order in molecular host frameworks. Science 294:1907–1911

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Yoshida N, Oeda K, Watanabe E, et al (2001) Protein function. Chaperonin turned insect toxin. Nature 411:44

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Grous A (2012) Fracture Mechanics 2. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ USA

An edited book

Thompson WMO (ed) (2011) The Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Interaction with Geminivirus-Infected Host Plants: Bemisia tabaci, Host Plants and Geminiviruses. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Ochsner M, Hug SE, Daniel H-D (2016) Humanities Scholars’ Conceptions of Research Quality. In: Ochsner M, Hug SE, Daniel H-D (eds) Research Assessment in the Humanities: Towards Criteria and Procedures. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 43–69

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Earth, Planets and Space.

Blog post

Hale T (2016) This 2,700-Year-Old Toilet Was Probably Built By A King To Annoy Tribal Religions. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/this-2700yearold-toilet-was-probably-built-by-a-king-to-annoy-tribal-religions/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2007) Aviation Security: Federal Coordination for Responding to In-flight Security Threats Has Matured, but Procedures Can Be Strengthened. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sahebjame M (2012) Marriage: An authentic Iranian experience of the modern. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K (2010) Visiting the Fish Market, Ready to Eat. New York Times NJ9

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Macilwain 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Macilwain 2000; Gascon and Smith 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gascon and Smith 2004)
Three or more authors: (Yoshida et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Earth, Planets and Space
Abbreviation	Earth Planets Space
ISSN (online)	1880-5981
Scope	Geology Space and Planetary Science