How to format your references using the Earth, Planets and Space citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Earth, Planets and Space. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Grünbaum D (2006) Behavior. Align in the sand. Science 312:1320–1322

A journal article with 2 authors

Atkinson T, Leeder M (2008) Geology. Canyon cutting on a grand time scale. Science 319:1343–1344

A journal article with 3 authors

Keimer B, Sackmann E, Withers PJ (2002) Neutron scattering. The case for neutron sources. Science 298:543

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Seligson DB, Horvath S, Shi T, et al (2005) Global histone modification patterns predict risk of prostate cancer recurrence. Nature 435:1262–1266

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Castañeda LB, Arunachalam V, Dharmaraja S (2012) Introduction to Probability and Stochastic Processes with Applications. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Mark D (2009) More iPhone 3 Development: Tackling iPhone SDK 3. Apress, Berkeley, CA

A chapter in an edited book

Yasuda T, Sakurai K, Takagi T (2012) Reducing the Key Size of Rainbow Using Non-commutative Rings. In: Dunkelman O (ed) Topics in Cryptology – CT-RSA 2012: The Cryptographers’ Track at the RSA Conference 2012, San Francisco, CA, USA, February 27 – March 2, 2012. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 68–83

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Earth, Planets and Space.

Blog post

Andrew E (2013) Man’s hand grafted to his foot for transplant. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/man’s-hand-grafted-his-foot-transplant/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2003) Electronic Disability Claims Processing: Social Security Administration’s Accelerated Strategy Faces Significant Risks. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hill JA (2012) Classical three-body systems and the Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser theorem. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J (2017) Astros Even It Up in Home Run Derby. New York Times B9

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Grünbaum 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Grünbaum 2006; Atkinson and Leeder 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Atkinson and Leeder 2008)
Three or more authors: (Seligson et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Earth, Planets and Space
Abbreviation	Earth Planets Space
ISSN (online)	1880-5981
Scope	Geology Space and Planetary Science