How to format your references using the Journal of Mechanical Design citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Mechanical Design. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Macilwain, C., 2011, “University Cuts Show Science Is Far from Saved,” Nature, 469(7329), p. 133.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Silk, J., and Chluba, J., 2014, “Astronomy. Next Steps for Cosmology,” Science, 344(6184), pp. 586–588.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

LaDeau, S. L., Kilpatrick, A. M., and Marra, P. P., 2007, “West Nile Virus Emergence and Large-Scale Declines of North American Bird Populations,” Nature, 447(7145), pp. 710–713.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Helsen, M. M., van den Broeke, M. R., van de Wal, R. S. W., van de Berg, W. J., van Meijgaard, E., Davis, C. H., Li, Y., and Goodwin, I., 2008, “Elevation Changes in Antarctica Mainly Determined by Accumulation Variability,” Science, 320(5883), pp. 1626–1629.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Fuller, S., 2005, RapidIO®: The Embedded System Interconnect, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

[1]

Lozano, J. A., Larrañaga, P., Inza, I., and Bengoetxea, E., eds., 2006, Towards a New Evolutionary Computation: Advances in the Estimation of Distribution Algorithms, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Jowhar, D., and Janetopoulos, C., 2013, “The Chemotactic Compass,” Dictyostelids: Evolution, Genomics and Cell Biology, M. Romeralo, S. Baldauf, and R. Escalante, eds., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 71–87.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Mechanical Design.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew, E., 2014, “What Are The Odds Of You Becoming Exactly You?,” IFLScience [Online]. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/what-are-odds-you-becoming-exactly-you/. [Accessed: 30-Oct-2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, 1972, Controls Over Funds Available to the District of Columbia Public Schools, B-118638, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Li, X., 2008, “Two Essays on ‘Mining Market Basket Data: Models and Applications in Marketing,’” Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Romero, S., and Casey, N., 2016, “Joy, Then Grief, Over Brazil Team,” New York Times, p. A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Mechanical Design
Abbreviation	J. Mech. Des. N. Y.
ISSN (print)	1050-0472
ISSN (online)	1528-9001
Scope	Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design Computer Science Applications Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials