How to format your references using the Earth Perspectives citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Earth Perspectives. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ioannidis JPA (2011) More time for research: fund people not projects. Nature 477:529–531

A journal article with 2 authors

Sriver RL, Huber M (2007) Observational evidence for an ocean heat pump induced by tropical cyclones. Nature 447:577–580

A journal article with 3 authors

Gershenfeld N, Samouhos S, Nordman B (2010) Engineering. Intelligent infrastructure for energy efficiency. Science 327:1086–1088

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Fujisaki J, Wu J, Carlson AL, et al (2011) In vivo imaging of Treg cells providing immune privilege to the haematopoietic stem-cell niche. Nature 474:216–219

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Etube LS (2000) Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics of Offshore Structures. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Fuhr N, Quaresma P, Gonçalves T, et al (eds) (2016) Experimental IR Meets Multilinguality, Multimodality, and Interaction: 7th International Conference of the CLEF Association, CLEF 2016, Évora, Portugal, September 5-8, 2016, Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Suzdalev IP, Maksimov YV (2007) Critical sizes and characteristics of nanoclusters and nanostructures. In: Lippens P-E, Jumas J-C, Génin J-MR (eds) ICAME 2005: Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on the Applications of the Mössbauer Effect (ICAME 2005) held in Montpellier, France, 4–9 September 2005, Volume I (Part I–II/V). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 25–35

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Earth Perspectives.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2016) Juno Has Just Entered The Gravitational Well Of Jupiter. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/juno-has-just-crossed-sunjupiter-gravitational-boundary/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2009) NASA: Assessments of Selected Large-Scale Projects. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Jalali Farahani B (2005) Adaptive Digital Calibration Techniques for High Speed, High Resolution Sigma Delta ADCs for Broadband Wireless Applications. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Zucchino D, Solomon BC (2017) Newly Freed From ISIS but Stuck Without Water, Neighbors Find a Way. New York Times A4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ioannidis 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Sriver and Huber 2007; Ioannidis 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sriver and Huber 2007)
Three or more authors: (Fujisaki et al. 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Earth Perspectives
ISSN (online)	2194-6434
Scope