How to format your references using the Earth and Space Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Earth and Space Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mabberley, D. J. (2009). Plant science. Exploring terra incognita. Science (New York, N.Y.), 324(5926), 472.

A journal article with 2 authors

Reubi, O., & Blundy, J. (2009). A dearth of intermediate melts at subduction zone volcanoes and the petrogenesis of arc andesites. Nature, 461(7268), 1269–1273.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bernhard, H., Fischbacher, U., & Fehr, E. (2006). Parochial altruism in humans. Nature, 442(7105), 912–915.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Huh, J. R., Leung, M. W. L., Huang, P., Ryan, D. A., Krout, M. R., Malapaka, R. R. V., et al. (2011). Digoxin and its derivatives suppress TH17 cell differentiation by antagonizing RORγt activity. Nature, 472(7344), 486–490.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Prydie, D., & Hewitt, I. (2015). Practical Physiotherapy for Small Animal Practice. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Yang, G.-Z., Hawkes, D., Rueckert, D., Noble, A., & Taylor, C. (Eds.). (2009). Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2009: 12th International Conference, London, UK, September 20-24, 2009, Proceedings, Part I (Vol. 5761). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Li, D. (2016). Resilience of Spatial Networks. In J. Lü, X. Yu, G. Chen, & W. Yu (Eds.), Complex Systems and Networks: Dynamics, Controls and Applications (pp. 79–106). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Earth and Space Science.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, July 12). NASA Study Finds There Was No “Pause” In Climate Change. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from https://www.iflscience.com/environment/nasa-finds-global-warming-hidden-indian-and-pacific-oceans/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1980). A Structure for Managing ADP Resources (No. 113270). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Baker, T. N. (2017). The Impact of Undergraduate Research Participation on Research Self-Efficacy (Doctoral dissertation). Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rojas, R., Remnick, N., & Palmer, E. (2016, August 17). Prosecutor Adds First-Degree Murder Charge in Killing of Imam and Aide. New York Times, p. A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mabberley, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Mabberley, 2009; Reubi & Blundy, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Reubi & Blundy, 2009)
Three or more authors: (Huh et al., 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Earth and Space Science
Abbreviation	Earth Space Sci.
ISSN (online)	2333-5084
Scope