How to format your references using the Earth and Space Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Earth and Space Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Marx, V. (2014). High-security labs: Life in the danger zone. Nature, 505(7483), 437–441.

A journal article with 2 authors

Shen, Y., & Lua, A. C. (2013). A facile method for the large-scale continuous synthesis of graphene sheets using a novel catalyst. Scientific Reports, 3, 3037.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kaminski, J., Call, J., & Fischer, J. (2004). Word learning in a domestic dog: evidence for “fast mapping.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 304(5677), 1682–1683.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Onodera, R., Motoyama, K., Okamatsu, A., Higashi, T., & Arima, H. (2013). Potential use of folate-appended methyl-β-cyclodextrin as an anticancer agent. Scientific Reports, 3, 1104.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Todinov, M. T. (2005). Reliability and Risk Models. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Andrienko, N. (2006). Exploratory Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Data: A Systematic Approach. (G. Andrienko, Ed.). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Dobias, J., Hansen, M., Köpsell, S., Raguse, M., Roosendaal, A., Pfitzmann, A., et al. (2011). Identity and Privacy Issues Throughout Life. In J. Camenisch, S. Fischer-Hübner, & K. Rannenberg (Eds.), Privacy and Identity Management for Life (pp. 87–110). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Earth and Space Science.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2016, October 18). Is The Great Barrier Reef Really Dead? Retrieved October 30, 2018, from https://www.iflscience.com/environment/is-the-great-barrier-reef-really-dead/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1997). Joint Direct Attack Munition: Low-Rate Initial Production Decision (No. NSIAD-97-116R). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Yang, Y. (2003). Statistical Analysis of cDNA Microarrays: A Systematic Approach to Identify MTF-1 Mediated Gene Expression Profile in Response to Cadmium (Doctoral dissertation). University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L. (2007, May 28). A Devil in the Details, But Not the Constitution. New York Times, p. A12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Marx, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Marx, 2014; Shen & Lua, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Shen & Lua, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Onodera et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Earth and Space Science
Abbreviation	Earth Space Sci.
ISSN (online)	2333-5084
Scope