How to format your references using the Earth and Space Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Earth and Space Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lea, D. W. (2001). Paleoclimate. Ice ages, the California Current, and Devils Hole. Science (New York, N.Y.), 293(5527), 59–60.

A journal article with 2 authors

Palmer, T. N., & Räisänen, J. (2002). Quantifying the risk of extreme seasonal precipitation events in a changing climate. Nature, 415(6871), 512–514.

A journal article with 3 authors

Laliberté, E., Zemunik, G., & Turner, B. L. (2014). Environmental filtering explains variation in plant diversity along resource gradients. Science (New York, N.Y.), 345(6204), 1602–1605.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Packer, C., Hilborn, R., Mosser, A., Kissui, B., Borner, M., Hopcraft, G., et al. (2005). Ecological change, group territoriality, and population dynamics in Serengeti lions. Science (New York, N.Y.), 307(5708), 390–393.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Vilensky, J. A., Robertson, W. M., & Suárez-Quian, C. A. (2015). The Clinical Anatomy of the Cranial Nerves. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Kobyliński, A., & Sobczak, A. (Eds.). (2013). Perspectives in Business Informatics Research: 12th International Conference, BIR 2013, Warsaw, Poland, September 23-25, 2013. Proceedings (Vol. 158). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Federmann, C. (2012). A Machine-Learning Framework for Hybrid Machine Translation. In B. Glimm & A. Krüger (Eds.), KI 2012: Advances in Artificial Intelligence: 35th Annual German Conference on AI, Saarbrücken, Germany, September 24-27, 2012. Proceedings (pp. 37–48). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Earth and Space Science.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016, October 6). Boeing Wants To Race SpaceX To The Surface Of Mars. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from https://www.iflscience.com/space/boeing-wants-to-race-spacex-to-the-surface-of-mars/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2005). Independent Media Development Abroad: Challenges Exist in Implementing U.S. Efforts and Measuring Results (No. GAO-05-803). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Howard, J. T. (2010). Transracial adoption psychoeducational services for potential adoptive parents: A grant proposal (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cooper, M. (2017, May 15). Met Opera Numbers Inch Up. New York Times, p. C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lea, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Lea, 2001; Palmer & Räisänen, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Palmer & Räisänen, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Packer et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Earth and Space Science
Abbreviation	Earth Space Sci.
ISSN (online)	2333-5084
Scope