How to format your references using the Early Human Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Early Human Development. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

P. Smaglik, The fame game, Nature 428 (2004) 447.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

H. Takagi, H.Y. Hwang, An emergent change of phase for electronics, Science 327 (2010) 1601–1602.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

S. Migliari, R. Fender, M. Méndez, Iron emission lines from extended x-ray jets in SS 433: reheating of atomic nuclei, Science 297 (2002) 1673–1676.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

D. Spitzer, B. Risse, F. Schnell, V. Pichot, M. Klaumünzer, M.R. Schaefer, Continuous engineering of nano-cocrystals for medical and energetic applications, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 6575.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

J.H. Davis, Statistics for Compensation, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2011.

An edited book

[1]

A. Sidorenko, ed., Fundamentals of Superconducting Nanoelectronics, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

L. Orellana-Escobedo, S.S. Korban, S. Rosales-Mendoza, Seed-Based Expression Strategies, in: S. Rosales-Mendoza (Ed.), Genetically Engineered Plants as a Source of Vaccines Against Wide Spread Diseases: An Integrated View, Springer, New York, NY, 2014: pp. 79–93.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Early Human Development.

Blog post

[1]

J. Fang, Float through a celestial snow angel, IFLScience (2014). https://www.iflscience.com/space/float-through-celestial-snow-angel/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, International Space Station: Measurable Performance Targets and Documentation Needed to Better Assess Management of National Laboratory, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J.W. Collins, An Examination of Chronic Absenteeism as Related to Performance on End-of-Year Missouri State Assessments, Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M.W. Walsh, Untouchable Pensions May Be Tested in California, New York Times (2012) B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Early Human Development
Abbreviation	Early Hum. Dev.
ISSN (print)	0378-3782
Scope	Obstetrics and Gynaecology Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health