How to format your references using the Early Human Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Early Human Development. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

E.J. Larson, Antarctica: Turning the world upside down, Nature 480 (2011) 29–31.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

J.I. Odegaard, A. Chawla, Pleiotropic actions of insulin resistance and inflammation in metabolic homeostasis, Science 339 (2013) 172–177.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

R. Grantab, V.B. Shenoy, R.S. Ruoff, Anomalous strength characteristics of tilt grain boundaries in graphene, Science 330 (2010) 946–948.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Y. Sato, R. Kojima, M. Okumura, M. Hagiwara, S. Masui, K.-I. Maegawa, M. Saiki, T. Horibe, M. Suzuki, K. Inaba, Synergistic cooperation of PDI family members in peroxiredoxin 4-driven oxidative protein folding, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 2456.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

B.M. Tissue, Basics of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Equilibria, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2013.

An edited book

[1]

P.S.C. Heuberger, P.M.J.V.D. Hof, B. Wahlberg, eds., Modelling and Identification with Rational Orthogonal Basis Functions, Springer, London, 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

R. Quintero, M. Torres, M. Moreno, G. Guzmán, Towards a Semantic Representation of Raster Spatial Data, in: K. Janowicz, M. Raubal, S. Levashkin (Eds.), GeoSpatial Semantics: Third International Conference, GeoS 2009, Mexico City, Mexico, December 3-4, 2009. Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009: pp. 63–82.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Early Human Development.

Blog post

[1]

J. Davis, North American Dogs Evolved In Response To Climate Change, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/north-american-dogs-evolved-response-climate-change/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Getting the New Communities Program Started: Progress and Problems, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1974.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Y. Ambaw, Promoting the well-being of black student athletes: A grant proposal, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

L. Saslow, Rebate Checks to Lose Their Punch This Year, New York Times (2008) LI6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Early Human Development
Abbreviation	Early Hum. Dev.
ISSN (print)	0378-3782
Scope	Obstetrics and Gynaecology Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health